Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate
| Voiceless palato-alveolar affricate | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| t͡ʃ | |||
| t͜ʃ | |||
| ʧ | |||
| t̠ʲʃ | |||
| IPA number | 103 134 | ||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity (decimal) | t͡ʃ |
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| Unicode (hex) | U+0074 U+0361 U+0283 | ||
| X-SAMPA | tS or t_r_jS |
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| Kirshenbaum | tS |
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| Sound | |||
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| Voiceless postalveolar non-sibilant affricate | |
|---|---|
| t̠͡ɹ̠̊˔ | |
| t̠͜ɹ̠̊˔ | |
| t̠ɹ̠̊˔ | |
| Sound | |
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The voiceless palato-alveolar sibilant affricate or voiceless domed postalveolar sibilant affricate is a type of consonantal sound used in some spoken languages. The sound is transcribed in the International Phonetic Alphabet with ⟨t͡ʃ⟩, ⟨t͜ʃ⟩ or ⟨tʃ⟩ (formerly the ligature ⟨ʧ⟩), or in broad transcription with ⟨c⟩. It is familiar to English speakers as the "ch" sound in "chip".
Historically, this sound often derives from a former voiceless velar stop /k/ (as in English, Gulf Arabic, Slavic languages and Romance languages), or a voiceless dental stop by way of palatalization, especially next to a front vowel.
Some scholars use the symbol /t͡ʃ/ to transcribe the laminal variant of the voiceless retroflex affricate. In such cases, the voiceless palato-alveolar affricate is transcribed /t͡ʃʲ/.
Features of the voiceless domed postalveolar affricate:
Mandarin Chinese, Russian, Japanese, Korean, Polish, Catalan, and Thai have a voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate /t͡ɕ/; this is technically postalveolar but it is less precise to use /t͡ʃ/.
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