Vinovia
| Vinovia | |
|---|---|
The ruins
|
|
  Binchester Roman Fort shown within County Durham |
|
| Alternative name(s) | Vinovium |
| Known also as | Binchester Roman Fort |
| Founded | c. 79 AD |
| Abandoned | c. 5th century AD |
| Province | Britannia |
| — Legions — | |
| VI Victrix | |
| — Alae — | |
| I Vettonum | |
| Coordinates | 54°40′34″N 1°40′37″W / 54.676°N 1.677°W |
| Town | Bishop Auckland |
| County | County Durham |
| Country | England |
| UK-OSNG reference | NZ208313 |
| Condition | Ruined |
Vinovia or Vinovium was a Roman fort and settlement situated just over 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the town of Bishop Auckland on the banks of the River Wear in County Durham, England. The fort was the site of a hamlet until the late Middle Ages, but the modern-day village of Binchester is about 2 miles (3 km) to the east, near Spennymoor. The ruins are now known as the Binchester Roman Fort.
Not much is yet known about pre-Roman settlement in the immediate area. The fort was probably established around 79 CE to guard the crossing of the River Wear by Dere Street, the main Roman road between York, Hadrian's Wall and Scotland, and also the fort's via principalis. Sitting atop a hill 15 metres above the Wear, Binchester was the largest Roman fort in County Durham. The land was cleared of trees and brush and a huge levelling fill laid down on the plateau before construction of the fort began. Archaeologists found four coins of Vespasian that seem to corroborate that initial building was related to Agricola's march northward into the territory of the Brigantes. Two phases of timber structures, most likely barrack blocks, were constructed atop the levelling deposit. Much later, perhaps centuries later, buildings inside the fort were levelled and reconstructed in stone. These included a commandant's house at the heart of the fort and a well-appointed baths building, both of which went through several phases of development (see below under the archaeological history).
It is not entirely clear which garrison units would have called Binchester home. The cuneus Frisorum Vinoviensium and the equites catafractariorum have been mentioned in inscriptions from the site. The cavalry units of the ala Vettonum, a cohort of Frisian soldiers, and part of the Sixth Legion might also have stayed here at some point in its history. In fact, it may have been men from the Sixth Legion Victrix who built the original fort.
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Wikipedia