Vega 2
Vega solar system probe bus and landing apparatus (model)
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| Names | Venera-Halley 2 |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Planetary Science including lander and atmospheric probe |
| Operator | Soviet Academy of Sciences |
| COSPAR ID | 1984-128A 1984-128E 1984-128F |
| SATCAT № | 15449 15856 15857 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Manufacturer | NPO Lavochkin |
| Launch mass | Spacecraft:4,920 kg (10,850 lb) Balloon:21.5 kg (47 lb) |
| Landing mass | 1,520 kg (3,350 lb) |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric |
| Regime | Low Earth |
| Perigee | 65 kilometres (40 mi) |
| Apogee | 204 kilometres (127 mi) |
| Inclination | 51.5° |
| Period | 88.1 minutes |
| Flyby of Venus | |
| Closest approach | June 15, 1985 |
| Venus atmospheric probe | |
| Spacecraft component | Vega 2 Balloon |
| Atmospheric entry | 02:06:04, June 15, 1985 |
| Venus lander | |
| Spacecraft component | Vega 2 Decent Craft |
| Landing date | 03:00:50, June 15, 1985 |
| Landing site | 8°30′S 164°30′E / 8.5°S 164.5°E |
| Flyby of Halley's Comet | |
| Closest approach | March 9, 1986 |
| Distance | ~3,000 km (1,900 mi) |
Vega 2 (along with Vega 1) is a Soviet space probe part of the Vega program. The spacecraft was a development of the earlier Venera craft. They were designed by Babakin Space Centre and constructed as 5VK by Lavochkin at Khimki. The craft was powered by twin large solar panels and instruments included an antenna dish, cameras, spectrometer, infrared sounder, magnetometers (MISCHA), and plasma probes. The 4,920 kg craft was launched by a Proton 8K82K rocket from Baikonur Cosmodrome, Tyuratam, Kazakh SSR. Both Vega 1 and 2 were three-axis stabilized spacecraft. The spacecraft were equipped with a dual bumper shield for dust protection from Halley's Comet.
The descent module arrived at Venus on 15 June 1985, two days after being released from the Vega 2 flyby probe. The module, a 1500 kg, 240 cm diameter sphere, contained a surface lander and a balloon explorer. The flyby probe performed a gravitational assist maneuver using Venus, and continued its mission to intercept the comet.
The surface lander was identical to that of Vega 1 as well as the previous six Venera missions. The objective of the probe was the study of the atmosphere and the exposed surface of the planet. The scientific payload included a UV spectrometer, temperature and pressure sensors, a water concentration meter, a gas-phase chromatograph, an X-ray spectrometer, a mass spectrometer, and a surface sampling device. Several of these scientific tools (the UV spectrometer, the mass spectrograph, and the devices to measure pressure and temperature) were developed in collaboration with French scientists.
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