Vanadyl sulfate
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| Names | |
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IUPAC name
Oxovanadium(2+) sulfate
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| Other names
Basic vanadium(IV) sulfate
Vanadium(IV) oxide sulfate Vanadium(IV) oxysulfate |
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| Identifiers | |
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.044.214 |
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PubChem CID
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| Properties | |
| VOSO4 | |
| Molar mass | 163.00 g/mol |
| Appearance | Blue crystalline solid |
| Melting point | 105 °C (221 °F; 378 K) decomposes |
| Soluble | |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | Irritant |
| Flash point | Non-flammble |
| Related compounds | |
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Other anions
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Vanadyl chloride Vanadyl nitrate |
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Other cations
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Vanadium(III) sulfate |
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Related compounds
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Vanadyl acetylacetonate |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |
Vanadyl(IV) sulfate, VOSO4, is a inorganic compound of vanadium. This very hygroscopic blue solid is one of the most common sources of vanadium in the laboratory, reflecting its high stability. It features the vanadyl ion, VO2+, which has been called the "most stable diatomic ion."
Vanadyl sulfate is an intermediate in the extraction of vanadium from petroleum residues, a major commercial source of vanadium. Vanadyl sulfate is a component of some food supplements and experimental drugs. Vanadyl sulfate exhibits insulin-like effects.
Vanadyl sulfate is most commonly obtained by reduction of vanadium pentoxide with sulfur dioxide:
From aqueous solution, the salt crystallizes as the pentahydrate, the fifth water is not bound to the metal in the solid. Viewed as a coordination complex, the ion is octahedral, with oxo, four equatorial water ligands, and a monodentate sulfate.
The V=O bond distance is 160 pm in length, about 50 pm shorter than the V–OH2 bonds. In solution, the sulfate ion dissociates rapidly.
Being widely available, vanadyl sulfate is a common precursor to other vanadyl derivatives, such as vanadyl acetylacetonate:
In acidic solution, oxidation of vanadyl sulfate gives yellow-coloured vanadyl(V) derivatives. Reduction, e.g. by zinc, gives vanadium(III) and vanadium(II) derivatives, which are characteristically green and violet, respectively.
Like most water-soluble sulfates, vanadyl sulfate is only rarely found in nature. Anhydrous form is pauflerite, a mineral of fumarolic origin. Hydrated forms, also rare, include hexahydrate (stanleyite), pentahydrates (minasragrite, orthominasragrite, and anorthominasragrite) and trihydrate - .
Vanadyl sulfate has been extensively studied in the field of diabetes research as a potential means of increasing insulin sensitivity; however systematic reviews of the existing literature have found no rigorous evidence that oral vanadium supplementation improves glycaemic control. Treatment with vanadium often results in gastrointestinal side-effects, primarily diarrhea.
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