Vanadyl nitrate
| Names | |
|---|---|
| Other names
trinitratooxovanadium
|
|
| Identifiers | |
|
3D model (JSmol)
|
|
| ChemSpider | |
|
PubChem CID
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Properties | |
| VO(NO3)3 | |
| Molar mass | 252.953 g/mol |
| Appearance | yellow liquid. |
| Melting point | 2 °C (36 °F; 275 K) |
| Boiling point | 86 to 91 °C (187 to 196 °F; 359 to 364 K) at 0.7mm Hg |
| water | |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | oxidant |
| Related compounds | |
|
Related compounds
|
niobium nitrate, vanadyl perchlorate |
|
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
|
|
| Infobox references | |
Vanadyl nitrate, also called vanadium oxytrinitrate or vanadium oxynitrate is a compound of vanadium in the +5 oxidation state with nitrate groups and oxygen. The formula is VO(NO3)3. It is made from dinitrogen pentoxide and vanadium pentoxide. It is a nitrating agent, adding nitro groups to aromatic compounds such as benzene, phenol, chlorobenzene, anisole, acetanilide, benzoic acid, ethyl benzoate, and toluene.
Vanadyl nitrate can be made by soaking vanadium pentoxide in liquid dinitrogen pentoxide for durations around two days at room temperature. The yield for this method is about 85%.
V2O5 + 3N2O5 → 2VO(NO3)3.
Purification can be done by vacuum distillation.
Vanadyl nitrate can also be made from vanadyl trichloride VOCl3 and dinitrogen pentoxide.
Vanadyl nitrate is a pale yellow liquid. It is viscous but can be poured. VO(NO3)3 molecules have a distorted pentagonal bipyramid shape. The whole molecule has a Cs mirror symmetry. The vanadium oxygen double bond is in the same plane as a nitrate group roughly opposite. The other two nitrate groups are at about an 83° angle from the doubly bonded oxygen. The three nitrate groups are planar. Each nitrate is connected to the vanadium atom via two oxygen atoms, but one is closer than the other. The nitrate opposite the oxygen is quite asymmetric, but the mirror image nitrate groups have more equal oxygen bond lengths.
Vanadyl nitrate can dissolve in water, but cannot be recrystallized, instead a polymeric oxide precipitates. Nitric acid is formed as a result of the reaction with water.
Solvents include dichloromethane, nitromethane, carbon tetrachloride, cyclohexane, trichlorofluoromethane. It is probably incompatible with amines, aromatic hydrocarbons, and ethers.
Vanadyl nitrate is stable under nitrogen, ozone or oxygen. The liquid is indefinitely stable at room temperature, unlike some other transition metal nitrates that decompose to nitrogen oxides. Over 80 °C it decomposes slowly.
Vanadyl nitrate can form a solid pale yellow adduct with boron trifluoride. An adduct is also formed with acetonitrile.
When mixed with petrol or l-hexene, or other unsaturated hydrocarbons, vanadyl nitrate ignites. It does not ignite with hexane. It reacts with paper rubber and wood, and ignites many organic solvents.
It can be used to nitrate various organic compounds at high yield when diluted with dichloromethane. Nitrotoluene, methyl benzoate and benzoic acid are nitrated by prolonged exposure over a few days. Benzonitrile does not react. Benzene, toluene, tert-butylbenzene, halo-benzenes, ortho-nitrotoluene, anisole, phenol and acetanilide are all rapidly nitrated within 30 minutes at room temperature.
...
Wikipedia