United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarves

United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
Reino Unido de Portugal, Brasil e Algarves
1815–1822/1825
Flag Royal coat of arms
Anthem Hymno Patriótico
The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves with its colonies
Capital		Rio de Janeiro (1815–1821) Lisbon (1821–1825)
Languages		Portuguese
Religion		Roman Catholicism
Government		Absolute monarchy (1815–1820) Constitutional monarchy (1820–1825)
Monarch
•	1815–1816	Maria I
•	1816–1822/1825	João VI
Legislature		Cortes Gerais (1820–1823)
History
•	Established	16 December 1815
•	Liberal Revolution	24 August 1820
•	Independence of Brazil	7 September 1822
•	(Portuguese)	23 September 1822
•	Disestablished	29 August 1825 1822/1825
Population
•	1820 est.	4,000,000 (Brazil) 3,000,000 (Portugal)
Currency		Real
Preceded by Succeeded by Portugal in the Napoleonic era State of Brazil Viceroyalty of Peru Kingdom of Portugal (1825–1834) Empire of Brazil

(1815–1820)
Constitutional monarchy (1820–1825)

The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was a pluricontinental monarchy formed by the elevation of the Portuguese colony named State of Brazil to the status of a kingdom and by the simultaneous union of that Kingdom of Brazil with the Kingdom of Portugal and the Kingdom of the Algarves, constituting a single state consisting of three kingdoms.

The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves was formed in 1815, following the transfer of the Portuguese Court to Brazil during the Napoleonic invasions of Portugal, and it continued to exist for about one year after the return of the Court to Europe, being de facto dissolved in 1822, when Brazil proclaimed its independence. The dissolution of the United Kingdom was accepted by Portugal and formalized de jure in 1825, when Portugal recognized the independent Empire of Brazil.

During its period of existence the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves did not correspond to the whole of the Portuguese Empire: rather, the united kingdom was the transatlantic metropolis that controlled the Portuguese colonial empire, with its overseas possessions in Africa and Asia.

Thus, from the point of view of Brazil, the elevation to the rank of a kingdom and the creation of the United Kingdom represented a change in status, from that of a colony to that of an equal member of a political union. In the wake of the Liberal Revolution of 1820 in Portugal, attempts to compromise the autonomy and even the unity of Brazil, led to the breakdown of the union.