Ujung Kulon National Park
| Ujung Kulon National Park | |
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| Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon | |
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IUCN category II (national park)
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 Ujung Kulon NP
Location in Java
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| Location | Banten, Java, Indonesia |
| Nearest city | Cilegon |
| Coordinates | 6°44′48″S 105°20′1″E / 6.74667°S 105.33361°ECoordinates: 6°44′48″S 105°20′1″E / 6.74667°S 105.33361°E |
| Area | 122,956 acres (497.59 km2) |
| Established | February 26, 1992 |
| Visitors | 2,385 (in 2007) |
| Governing body | Ministry of Environment and Forestry |
| World Heritage Site | 1991 |
| Website | ujungkulon.org |
| Type | Natural |
| Criteria | vii, x |
| Designated | 1991 (15th session) |
| Reference no. | 608 |
| State Party | Indonesia |
| Region | Asia-Pacific |
Ujung Kulon (English: Western End or Point West) National Park is located at the westernmost tip of Java, within Banten province of Indonesia. It includes the volcanic island group of Krakatoa in Lampung province, and other islands including Panaitan, as well as smaller offshore islets such as Handeuleum and Peucang in the Sunda Strait.
The park encompasses an area of 1,206 km² (443 km² marine), most of which lies on a peninsula reaching into the Indian Ocean. The explosion of nearby Krakatau in 1883 produced a tsunami (giant wave) that eliminated the villages and crops of the coastal areas on the western peninsula, and covered the entire area in a layer of ash averaging 30 cm thick. This caused the total evacuation of the peninsula by humans, thereby allowing it to become a repository for much of Java’s flora and fauna, and most of the remaining lowland forest on the island.
It is Indonesia's first proposed national park and was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1991 for containing the largest remaining lowland rainforest in Java. After the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa, many settlements in the park were wiped out and never repopulated.
Parts of today's national park and World Heritage site have been protected since the early 20th century. Krakatoa (or rather, the three minor islets which remain of it) was declared as a Nature Reserve in 1921, followed by Pulau Panaitan and Pulau Peucang Nature Reserve in 1937, the Ujung Kulon Nature Reserve in 1958, the Gunung Honje Nature Reserve in 1967, and most recently Ujung Kulon National Park in 1992. In 2005 the park was designated as an ASEAN Heritage Park.
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Wikipedia