Tupolev Tu-154M
| Tu-154 | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| A Tupolev Tu-154M in Polish Air Force livery flying in 2008. This aircraft crashed in Smolensk, Russia, in 2010, killing 96 people including the Polish president. | |
| Role | Narrow-body jet airliner |
| National origin | Soviet Union and Russian Federation |
| Manufacturer | Tupolev |
| Designer | Tupolev Design Bureau |
| First flight | 4 October 1968 |
| Introduction | 7 February 1972 with Aeroflot |
| Status | In limited service |
| Primary users |
Russian Air Force People's Liberation Army Air Force ALROSA Air Koryo |
| Produced | 1968–2013 |
| Number built | 1,026 |
| Variants | Tupolev Tu-155 |
The Tupolev Tu-154 (Russian: Tyполев Ту-154; NATO reporting name: Careless) is a three-engine medium-range narrow-body airliner designed in the mid-1960s and manufactured by Tupolev. A workhorse of Soviet and (subsequently) Russian airlines for several decades, it carried half of all passengers flown by Aeroflot and its subsidiaries (137.5 million/year or 243.8 billion passenger km in 1990), remaining the standard domestic-route airliner of Russia and former Soviet states until the mid-2000s. It was exported to 17 non-Russian airlines and used as head-of-state transport by the air forces of several countries.
With a cruising speed of 900 kilometres per hour (560 mph) the Tu-154 is one of the fastest civilian aircraft in use and has a range of 5,280 kilometres (3,280 mi). Capable of operating from unpaved and gravel airfields with only basic facilities, it was widely used in the extreme Arctic conditions of Russia's northern/eastern regions where other airliners were unable to operate. Originally designed for a 45,000 hour service life (18,000 cycles) but capable of 80,000 hours with upgrades, it is expected to continue in service until 2016, although noise regulations have restricted flights to western Europe and other regions.
In January 2010 Russian flag carrier Aeroflot announced the retirement of its Tu-154 fleet after 40 years with the last scheduled flight being Aeroflot Flight 736 from Ekaterinburg to Moscow on 31 December 2009.
Since 1968 there have been 39 fatal incidents involving the Tu-154, most of which were caused either by factors unrelated to the aircraft, or by its extensive use in demanding conditions.
Following a crash in 2016 all Tupolev Tu-154 aircraft in Russia were grounded. However, the Tu-154 is still being used as of January 2017.
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Wikipedia