Tsyklon-3
A Tsyklon-3 launching a Meteor-3 satellite
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| Function | Carrier rocket |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Yuzhmash |
| Country of origin | Soviet Union (Ukraine) |
| Size | |
| Height | 39.27 m (128.83 ft) |
| Diameter | 3 m (9.8 ft) |
| Mass | 189,000 kg (416,000 lb) |
| Stages | 3 |
| Capacity | |
| Payload to LEO | 4,100 kg (9,000 lb) |
| Associated rockets | |
| Family | R-36, Tsyklon |
| Derivatives | Tsyklon-4 |
| Comparable | Delta II |
| Launch history | |
| Status | Retired |
| Launch sites | Plesetsk Cosmodrome LC-32 |
| Total launches | 122 |
| Successes | 114 |
| Failures | 8 |
| First flight | 24 June 1977 |
| Last flight | 30 January 2009 |
| Notable payloads |
Tselina Meteor Okean Geo-IK Strela |
| First stage - 11K69 | |
| Engines | 1 RD-261 |
| Thrust | 3,032 kN (681,620 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 301 sec |
| Burn time | 120 seconds |
| Fuel | N2O4/UDMH |
| Second stage - 11S692 | |
| Engines | 1 RD-262 |
| Thrust | 941 kN (211,545 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 318 sec |
| Burn time | 160 seconds |
| Fuel | N2O4/UDMH |
| Third stage - 11S693 | |
| Engines | 1 RD-861 |
| Thrust | 78.70 kN (17,694 lbf) |
| Specific impulse | 317 sec |
| Burn time | 125 seconds |
| Fuel | N2O4/UDMH |
The Tsyklon-3, also known as Tsiklon-3, GRAU index 11K68, was a Soviet, and subsequently Ukrainian orbital carrier rocket. A derivative of the R-36 ICBM, and a member of the Tsyklon family, it made its maiden flight on 24 June 1977, and was retired on 30 January 2009. The Ukrainian-built Tsyklon rockets were retired in favour of future all-Russian carrier rockets, such as the Angara, and because they were fuelled by toxic hypergolic propellants.
Ukraine is developing a commercial derivative of the Tsyklon-3, the Tsyklon-4.
On 23 May 2013 at approximately 05:38 UTC, the Ecuadorian satellite NEE-01 Pegaso passed very close to the spent upper stage of a 1985 Tsyklon-3 rocket over the Indian Ocean. While there was no direct collision between the satellite and upper stage, Pegaso is believed to have suffered a "glancing blow" after passing through a debris cloud around the Tsyklon stage and striking one of the small pieces. After the incident, the satellite was found to be "spinning wildly over two of its axes" and unable to communicate with its ground station. Efforts to reestablish control of Pegaso failed, and on 28 August 2013 the decision was made by EXA and the Ecuadorian government to declare the satellite as lost.
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Wikipedia