Trude Dothan (Hebrew: טרודה דותן; 12 October 1922 – 28 January 2016) was an Israeli archaeologist who focused on the Late Bronze and Iron Ages in the region, in particular in Philistine culture. A professor at Hebrew University of Jerusalem from 1977, she held the Eliezer Sukenik Chair of Archeology and headed the Berman Center of Biblical Archaeology. Her private collection of books is now in the Lanier Theological Library, Houston, Texas.
Trude Dothan was born in 1922 in Vienna, from where her parents emigrated to Mandatory Palestine the very next year. Her parents were both born in Vienna and, once in Jerusalem, they joined the local community of intellectuals and artists, many of them German speakers. Her father, Leopold Krakauer (1890-1954), was an artist and architect who designed several Bauhaus-style buildings for Jerusalem's "garden city" of Rehavia; her mother Grete (née Wolf, 1890-1970) was a painter.
In 1951 she married Moshe Dothan (1919–1999), a fellow archaeologist with whom she shared interest in biblical archaeology and particularly the Philistine culture. They had two children together. She died on 28 January 2016, aged 93.
Some of the earlier books are signed Trude Krakauer Dothan.