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Trifluoroborane

Boron trifluoride
Boron trifluoride in 2D
Boron trifluoride in 3D
Names
Other names
Boron fluoride, Trifluoroborane
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.028.699
EC Number 231-569-5
PubChem CID
RTECS number ED2275000
UNII
UN number Compressed: 1008.
Boron trifluoride dihydrate: 2851.
Properties
BF3
Molar mass 67.82 g/mol (anhydrous)
103.837 g/mol (dihydrate)
Appearance colorless gas (anhydrous)
colorless liquid (dihydrate)
Density 0.00276 g/cm3 (anhydrous gas)
1.64 g/cm3 (dihydrate)
Melting point −126.8 °C (−196.2 °F; 146.3 K)
Boiling point −100.3 °C (−148.5 °F; 172.8 K)
exothermic decomposition (anhydrous)
very soluble (dihydrate)
Solubility soluble in benzene, toluene, hexane, chloroform and methylene chloride
Vapor pressure >50 atm (20°C)
0 D
Thermochemistry
50.46 J/mol K
254.3 J/mol K
-1137 kJ/mol
-1120 kJ/mol
Hazards
Safety data sheet ICSC 0231
GHS pictograms Press. GasAcute Tox. 2Skin Corr. 1A
GHS signal word DANGER
H330, H314
NFPA 704
Flammability code 0: Will not burn. E.g., water Health code 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g., chlorine gas Reactivity code 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g., calcium Special hazards (white): no codeNFPA 704 four-colored diamond
Flash point Non-flammable
Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):
1227 ppm (mouse, 2 hr)
39 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr)
418 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
US health exposure limits (NIOSH):
PEL (Permissible)
C 1 ppm (3 mg/m3)
REL (Recommended)
C 1 ppm (3 mg/m3)
IDLH (Immediate danger)
25 ppm
Related compounds
Other anions
Boron trichloride
Boron tribromide
Boron triiodide
Other cations
Aluminium fluoride
Gallium(III) fluoride
Indium(III) fluoride
Thallium(III) fluoride
Related compounds
Boron monofluoride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N  (what is YesYN ?)
Infobox references

Boron trifluoride is the inorganic compound with the formula BF3. This pungent colourless toxic gas forms white fumes in moist air. It is a useful Lewis acid and a versatile building block for other boron compounds.

The geometry of a molecule of BF3 is trigonal planar. Its D3hsymmetry conforms with the prediction of VSEPR theory. The molecule has no dipole moment by virtue of its high symmetry. The molecule is isoelectronic with the carbonate anion, CO32−.

BF3 is commonly referred to as "electron deficient," a description that is reinforced by its exothermic reactivity toward Lewis bases.

In the boron trihalides, BX3, the length of the B-X bonds (1.30 Å) is shorter than would be expected for single bonds, and this shortness may indicate stronger B-X π-bonding in the fluoride. A facile explanation invokes the symmetry-allowed overlap of a p orbital on the boron atom with the in-phase combination of the three similarly oriented p orbitals on fluorine atoms. Others point to the ionic nature of the bonds in BF3.

Boron trifluoride pi bonding diagram

BF3 is manufactured by the reaction of boron oxides with hydrogen fluoride:


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