Trellech
Trellech
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 Trellech village, viewed from Beacon Hill |
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 Trellech
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| Trellech shown within Monmouthshire | |
| Population | 2,759 (2011) |
| OS grid reference | SO500054 |
| Community |
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| Principal area | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | MONMOUTH |
| Postcode district | NP25 |
| Dialling code | 01600 |
| Police | Gwent |
| Fire | South Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| EU Parliament | Wales |
| UK Parliament | |
Trellech (occasionally spelt Trelech, Treleck or Trelleck; modern Welsh: Tryleg) is a village and parish in Monmouthshire, south-east Wales, located on the B4293 road about 5 miles (8 km) south of Monmouth and 4 miles (6.4 km) north-north-west of Tintern. The name of the village derives from Welsh and means "the town (tre) of slates (llech)"; there are three standing stones close to the village, known as Harold's Stones. The church of St Nicholas is a Grade I listed building. The village is located on a plateau between the valleys of the Usk to the west and Wye to the east.
Although a relatively small village in modern times, it was one of the largest towns in Wales in the 13th century, and is now the location of archaeological investigations to determine its extent and role at that time. The village is designated as a Conservation Area, and gives its name to the community of Trellech United, in which it is located. There are historically 26 known spellings of the village name; on each of the three roads entering the village, signs give a different spelling - Trellech, Trelleck and Trelech.
Trellech was one of the major towns of medieval Wales, the remains of which have been subject to archaeological excavations which have been sustained over many years and which continue today. It is most likely that the town was established by the De Clare family specifically for the exploitation of local supplies of iron ore from the Forest of Dean, and charcoal produced in the surrounding woodlands, to provide weapons, armour and iron work for their military advances in Wales, including the building of Caerphilly Castle. By 1288 there were 378 burgage plots recorded in Trellech, which would have made it bigger than Cardiff or Chepstow at the time. Trellech was largely destroyed in 1291 as a result of a raid following a dispute over alleged deer poaching. The Black Death struck in 1340 and again in 1350. Subsequently the ravages of Owain Glyndŵr and his men in the early 15th century further reduced the prosperity and in consequence the importance of Trellech.
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