Toro Negro State Forest

Toro Negro State Forest Spanish: Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro
Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro shown in the foreground
Geography
The map shows the location of ranger's office at Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro
Location	PR-143, km. 32.4 and PR-149 km 39.0, Ponce/Jayuya/Orocovis/Ciales/Juana Diaz, Puerto Rico
Coordinates	18°10′24″N 66°29′32″W / 18.17342°N 66.49231°W / 18.17342; -66.49231Coordinates: 18°10′24″N 66°29′32″W / 18.17342°N 66.49231°W / 18.17342; -66.49231
Elevation	4,390 feet (1,340 m)
Area	8,204 cuerdas (7,968 acres) (32.24 km²)
Status	Public, Commonwealth
Established	1934 with 6,800 acres
Visitation	126,916(2008)
Events	Cerro Maravilla murders
Governing body	Puerto Rico DRNA
Website	www.drna.gobierno.pr
Ecology
Ecosystem(s)	Subtropical Moist Zone (31% of the forest): -Tabonuco forest. Lower Mountain Wet Zone (69% of the forest): -Micropholis Buchenavia forest, -Mountain palm forest, -Cloud forest.
WWF Classification	Puerto Rican moist forests
Disturbance	-Hurricanes and Landslides
Forest cover	81% - 99%
Dominant tree species	Melastomaceae (16 species), Lauraceae (11 species), Myrtaceae (10 species)
Indicator plants	Tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa), Ausubo (Manilkara bidentata), Montillo (Sloanea berteroana)

Protected Areas at Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro
IUCN category IV (habitat/species management area)
Location	Puerto Rico Ponce (Approx 40%), Jayuya (Approx 30%), Orocovis (Approx 15%), Ciales (Approx 10%), and Juana Diaz (Approx 5%)
Nearest city	Ponce
Area	7,967.6 acres (3,224.4 ha)
Established	1934
Visitors	126,916 (in 2008)
Governing body	Puerto Rico DRNA

Fauna and Flora at Bosque Estatal de Toro Negro
Puerto Rico State Forests
Named for: Toro Negro River

Country	Puerto Rico
County	Ponce / Jayuya / Orocovis / Ciales / Juana Diaz

City	Ponce

Location	Ponce , plus smaller sections in Jayuya, Orocovis, Ciales, and Juana Diaz
- elevation	4,390 ft (1,338 m) Highest peak in Puerto Rico
Highest point	Cerro de Punta
- location	Ponce / Jayuya Highest Peak in Puerto Rico
Lowest point	Salto de Inabón (Inabón Falls)
- location	Ponce Lowest elevation at Toro Negro State Forest

Area	6,945 acres (2,811 ha)

Biome	Tropical cloud forest
Geology	Igneous rock
Plant	Plant families: -Melastomaceae -Lauraceae -Myrtaceae Palms and ferns: -Palmas de sierra (Prestoea montana) -Helechos arbóreos (Cyathea Sp.) Endangered: -Thelypteris inabonensis Trees - native: -Tabonuco (Dacryodes excelsa) -Ausubo (Manilkara bidentata) -Jagüilla (Magnolia portoricensis) -Nuez moscada (Ocotea moschata) -Granadillo (Buchenavia capitata) -Maga (Montezuma speciosissima) -Higüerillo (Vitex divaricata) -Almedrón (Prunus occidentalis) -Jácana (Pouteria multiflora) Trees - introduced: -Mahoe (Hibiscus elatus) -Honduran Mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) -Honduran pine [pichipén] (Pinus caribaea) -Eucalipto (Eucalyptus robusta) -Kadam (Anthocephalus chinensis) Endangered: -Ilex cookii
Animal	Birds: Endangered: -Falcón de sierra (Accipiter striatus venator) -Guaragüao de bosque (Buteo platypterus brunnescens) Critically endangered: -Cotorra puertorriqueña (Amazona vittata) Bats: Greater bulldog bat (Noctilio leporinus) Antillean ghost-faced bat (Mormoops blainvillei) Sooty mustached bat (Pteronotus quadridens) Reptiles: Lagarto verde (Anolis cuvieri) Lagartijo pigmeo (Anolis occultus) Endangered: -Boa de Puerto Rico (Epicrates inornatus) Amphibians: Sapo común (Bufo marinus) Siguana (Ameiva exsul) Culebra ciega (Amphisbaena caeca) Coquí común (Eleutherodactylus coqui) Coquí de la montaña (Eleutherodactylus portoricensis) Mammals: Mangosta pequeña asiática (Herpestes javanicus) Snakes: Protected: -Boa de Puerto Rico (Epicrates inornatus) -Culebra Corredora (Alsophis portoricensis) Fish: Dajao (Agonostomus monticola) Olivo (aka, Ceti) (Sicydium plumieri) Crustaceans: Camarón bocu (Macrobrachium crenulatum) Gata (Atya lanipes) Buruquena (Epilobocera sinuatifrons).

Established	1934
Management	Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources

Visitation	126,916(67% island residents and 33% international visitors)

IUCN category	IV - Habitat/Species government Area

Website: Toro Negro State Forest

Highest peaks at Toro Negro

Cerro de Punta
Highest point
Elevation	1,338 m (4,390 ft)
Prominence	Tallest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Ponce & Jayuya
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Topo map	USGS
Geology
Age of rock	2.3 billion years old
Mountain type	Igneous rock
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-143, km 17.0
MONTE JAYUYA
2nd highest at Toro Negro
Highest point
Elevation	1,296 m (4,252 ft)
Prominence	2nd highest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Ponce & Jayuya
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-143, km 18.2
CERRO ROSA
3rd highest at Toro Negro
Highest point
Elevation	1,263 m (4,144 ft)
Prominence	3rd highest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Ciales & Jayuya
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	End of PR-539 South, then Hike
CERRO MARAVILLA
4th highest at Toro Negro
Highest point
Elevation	1,205 m (3,953 ft)
Prominence	5th highest peak in Puerto Rico Site of Cerro Maravilla murders
Geography
Location	Ponce, Puerto Rico
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-577, km 0.5
CERRO EL BOLO
5th highest at Toro Negro
Highest point
Elevation	1,075 m (3,527 ft)
Prominence	10th highest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Villalba, Puerto Rico
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-143, km 32.4
CERRO DOÑA JUANA
Highest point
Elevation	1,058 m (3,471 ft)
Prominence	12th highest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Orocovis, Puerto Rico
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-143, km 32.4

Cerro de Punta
Highest point
Elevation	1,338 m (4,390 ft)
Prominence	Tallest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Ponce & Jayuya
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Topo map	USGS
Geology
Age of rock	2.3 billion years old
Mountain type	Igneous rock
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-143, km 17.0
MONTE JAYUYA
2nd highest at Toro Negro
Highest point
Elevation	1,296 m (4,252 ft)
Prominence	2nd highest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Ponce & Jayuya
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-143, km 18.2
CERRO ROSA
3rd highest at Toro Negro
Highest point
Elevation	1,263 m (4,144 ft)
Prominence	3rd highest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Ciales & Jayuya
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	End of PR-539 South, then Hike
CERRO MARAVILLA
4th highest at Toro Negro
Highest point
Elevation	1,205 m (3,953 ft)
Prominence	5th highest peak in Puerto Rico Site of Cerro Maravilla murders
Geography
Location	Ponce, Puerto Rico
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-577, km 0.5
CERRO EL BOLO
5th highest at Toro Negro
Highest point
Elevation	1,075 m (3,527 ft)
Prominence	10th highest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Villalba, Puerto Rico
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-143, km 32.4
CERRO DOÑA JUANA
Highest point
Elevation	1,058 m (3,471 ft)
Prominence	12th highest peak in Puerto Rico
Geography
Location	Orocovis, Puerto Rico
Parent range	Cordillera Central
Climbing
Easiest route	PR-143, km 32.4

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