Tobramycin

Tobramycin

Clinical data
Trade names	Tobrex
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
MedlinePlus	a682660
Pregnancy category	D (Injection, Inhalation); B (Ophthalmic) (US)
Routes of administration	IV, IM, inhalation, ophthalmic
ATC code	J01GB01 (WHO) S01AA12 (WHO)
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein binding	< 30%
Identifiers
IUPAC name (2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-4-amino-2-{[(1S,2S,3R,4S,6R)-4,6-diamino-3-{[(2R,3R,5S,6R)-3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-5-hydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy}-2-hydroxycyclohexyl]oxy}-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,5-diol
CAS Number	32986-56-4 Y
PubChem (CID)	36294
DrugBank	DB00684 Y
ChemSpider	33377 Y
UNII	VZ8RRZ51VK Y
KEGG	D00063 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:28864 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1747 Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.046.642
Chemical and physical data
Formula	C18H37N5O9
Molar mass	467.515 g/mol
3D model (Jmol)	Interactive image
SMILES C1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1N)O[C@@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)N)O)O)O[C@@H]3[C@@H](C[C@@H]([C@H](O3)CN)O)N)N
InChI InChI=1S/C18H37N5O9/c19-3-9-8(25)2-7(22)17(29-9)31-15-5(20)1-6(21)16(14(15)28)32-18-13(27)11(23)12(26)10(4-24)30-18/h5-18,24-28H,1-4,19-23H2/t5-,6+,7+,8-,9+,10+,11-,12+,13+,14-,15+,16-,17+,18+/m0/s1 Y Key:NLVFBUXFDBBNBW-PBSUHMDJSA-N Y

Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic derived from Streptomyces tenebrarius and used to treat various types of bacterial infections, particularly Gram-negative infections. It is especially effective against species of Pseudomonas.

Like all aminoglycosides, tobramycin does not pass the gastro-intestinal tract, so for systemic use it can only be given intravenously or intramuscularly. Ophthalmic (tobramycin only, Tobrex, or combined with dexamethasone, sold as TobraDex) and nebulised formulations both have low systemic absorption. The formulation for injection is branded Nebcin. The nebulised formulation (brand name Tobi) is indicated in the treatment of exacerbations of chronic infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patients diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. A proprietary formulation of micronized, nebulized tobramycin has been tested as a treatment for bacterial sinusitis. Tobrex is a 0.3% tobramycin sterile ophthalmic solution is produced by Bausch & Lomb Pharmaceuticals. Benzalkonium chloride 0.01% is added as a preservative. It is available by prescription only in the United States and Canada. In certain countries, such as Italy, it is available over the counter. Tobrex and TobraDex are indicated in the treatment of superficial infections of the eye, such as bacterial conjunctivitis. Tobramycin (injection) is also indicated for various severe or life-threatening gram-negative infections: meningitis in neonates, brucellosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, Yersinia pestis infection (plague). Tobramycin is preferred over gentamicin for Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia due to better lung penetration..