Tioga, New York
| Tioga | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
 Tioga
|
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| Coordinates: 42°5′26″N 76°21′51″W / 42.09056°N 76.36417°WCoordinates: 42°5′26″N 76°21′51″W / 42.09056°N 76.36417°W | |
| Country | United States |
| State | New York |
| County | Tioga |
| Area | |
| • Total | 59.5 sq mi (154.0 km2) |
| • Land | 58.7 sq mi (152.0 km2) |
| • Water | 0.8 sq mi (2.0 km2) |
| Elevation | 1,129 ft (344 m) |
| Population (Census 2010) | |
| • Total | 4,871 |
| • Density | 82/sq mi (32/km2) |
| Time zone | Eastern (EST) (UTC-5) |
| • Summer (DST) | EDT (UTC-4) |
| ZIP code | 13845 |
| Area code(s) | 607 |
| FIPS code | 36-73968 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0979548 |
Tioga is a town in Tioga County, New York, United States. The population was 4,871 at the 2010 census. The town is in the southwest part of the county and lies between Elmira and Binghamton. Tioga is in the Southern Tier District of New York.
For thousands of years, this area of New York had been settled by distinct cultures of indigenous peoples. The most recent prehistoric peoples were the Owasco, who appeared to migrate from southern areas and displaced the Point Peninsula Complex peoples. However, a 2011 paper by archaeologist Dr. John P. Hart argues there was no definable Owasco culture. They lived in isolated villages and had frequent warfare. Under pressure of warfare, they began to consolidate into larger tribes and confederacies.
The historic Iroquoian-speaking tribes developed as the Five Nations of the Haudenosaunee or the Iroquois Confederacy, since about the 15th century. Of these, the Seneca Nation had territory in present-day western New York.
The Sullivan Expedition of 1779 during the American Revolutionary War passed through the area, destroying Seneca villages, as the Seneca and three other Iroquois nations sided with the British. Loyalist and allied Iroquois tribes had been raiding colonial settlements in the Mohawk Valley and related areas.
After the American Revolutionary War, those Iroquois nations who had sided with the British were forced to cede their lands to New York, although their treaties were not ratified by the US Congress. The first European-American settlers arrived around 1792.
Organized in 1788 before Tioga County was established, as part of the "Old Town of Chemung," the town was renamed "Owego" in 1791. That was the year Tioga County was created. In 1818 the town was renamed the "Town of Tioga" by switching names with the current Town of Owego. The Village of Owego was thus in the town of the same name.
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