Thomond
| Thomond | ||||||||||
| Tuamhain | ||||||||||
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 Thomond before the Norman invasion of Ireland
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| Capital | Clonroad | |||||||||
| Languages | Middle Irish, Early Modern Irish, Latin | |||||||||
| Religion |
Catholic Christianity Gaelic tradition |
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| Government | Tanistry | |||||||||
| Rí | ||||||||||
| • | 1118–1142 | Conchobhar Ó Briain | ||||||||
| • | 1539–1543 | Murchadh Carrach Ó Briain | ||||||||
| History | ||||||||||
| • | Established | 1118 | ||||||||
| • | Disestablished | 1543 | ||||||||
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Thomond (Irish: Tuadhmhumhain; Modern Irish: Tuamhain) was a kingdom of Gaelic Ireland, associated geographically with present-day County Clare and County Limerick, as well as parts of County Tipperary. The kingdom represented the core homeland of the Dál gCais people and although they ruled, there were smaller groups of other Gaels in the area. It existed from the collapse of the Kingdom of Munster in the 12th century as competition between the Ó Briain and the Mac Cárthaigh led to the schism between Thomond (North Munster) and Desmond (South Munster). It continued to exist outside of the Anglo-Norman controlled Lordship of Ireland until the 16th century.
The exact origin of Thomond, originally as an internal part of Munster, is debated. It is generally held that the Déisi Muman pushed north-west starting from the 5th to the early 8th century, taking the area from the Uí Fiachrach Aidhne of the Connachta. Eventually, the Dál gCais rose to power in all of Munster, to the detriment of the Eóganachta. The person most famously associated with this is Brian Bóruma, High King of Ireland, best known for his feats at the Battle of Clontarf. Four generations down the line and after providing three more High Kings, the Dál gCais were unable to hold onto all of Munster and so Thomond came into being as a separate entity.
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