Thomas Sheldon Maxey (September 1, 1846 – December 5, 1921) was a United States federal judge.
Born in Brandon, Mississippi, Maxey was in the Confederate Army from 1864 to 1865, then received an LL.B. from the University of Virginia in 1869. He was a Mississippi state representative in 1870. He was in private practice in Jefferson, Texas from 1871 to 1877, serving as city attorney for Jefferson from 1875 to 1877 before moving his private practice to Austin, Texas from 1877 to 1888.
On June 18, 1888, Maxey was nominated by President Grover Cleveland to a seat on the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas vacated by Ezekiel B. Turner. Maxey was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 25, 1888, and received his commission the same day. He retired on December 12, 1916.
Maxey died in Austin, Texas.