The Specials

The Specials
The Specials on stage in Chicago, Illinois, March 2013
Background information
Also known as	The Special A.K.A.
Origin	Coventry, England
Genres	2 Tone ska Reggae Ska Punk punk rock
Years active	1977–1984 1996–2001 2008–present
Labels	2 Tone Chrysalis Virgin Kuff
Associated acts	The Selecter Fun Boy Three the Swinging Cats Sunday Best The Colourfield General Public Special Beat The Skabilly Rebels Box of Blues Stiff Upper Lip Pama International the Tearjerkers JB's Allstars Vegas Desmond Dekker The Spatial AKA Orchestra Ocean Colour Scene Paul Weller The Libertines Madness
Website	www.thespecials.com
Members	Lynval Golding Horace Panter Terry Hall Tim Smart Drew Stansall Nikolaj Torp Larsen Steve Cradock Pablo Mandleson Gary Powell
Past members	Jerry Dammers Silverton Hutchinson Tim Strickland Roddy Radiation Neville Staple John Bradbury Dick Cuthell Rico Rodriguez Rhoda Dakar John Shipley Satch Dickson Groco Anthony Wymshurst Stan Campbell Edgio Newton Nick Parker Gary McManus Jon Read Adam Birch Mark Adams Aitch Bembridge

The Specials, also known as The Special AKA, are an English 2 Tone and ska revival band formed in 1977 in Coventry. Their music combines a "danceable ska and rocksteady beat with punk's energy and attitude". Lyrically they present a "more focused and informed political and social stance" than most other ska groups.

The band wore mod-style "1960s period rude boy outfits (pork pie hats, tonic and mohair suits and loafers)". In 1980, the song "Too Much Too Young", the lead track on their The Special AKA Live! EP, reached No. 1 in the UK. In 1981, the unemployment-themed single "Ghost Town" also hit No. 1 in the UK Singles Chart.

After seven consecutive UK Top 10 singles between 1979 and 1981, three members of the group abruptly left to form Fun Boy Three. Continuing on as "The Special AKA" (a name they used frequently on earlier Specials releases), a substantially revised Specials line-up issued new material through 1984, including the top 10 UK hit single "Free Nelson Mandela". Afterwards, founder and songwriter Jerry Dammers dissolved the band and pursued political activism.

The group reformed in 1993, and have continued to perform and record with varying line-ups (but without Dammers).

The group was formed in 1977 by songwriter/keyboardist Dammers, vocalist Tim Strickland, guitarist/vocalist Lynval Golding, drummer Silverton Hutchinson and bassist Horace Panter (aka Sir Horace Gentleman). Strickland was replaced by Terry Hall shortly after the band's formation. The band was first called the Automatics, then the Coventry Automatics. Vocalist Neville Staple and guitarist Roddy Byers (aka Roddy Radiation) joined the band the following year, and the band changed its name to the Special AKA. Joe Strummer of the Clash had attended one of their concerts, and invited the Special AKA to open for his band in their "On Parole" UK tour. This performance gave the Special AKA a new level of national exposure, and they briefly shared The Clash's management.