Tetracarbonyl nickel
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| Names | |||
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IUPAC name
Tetracarbonylnickel
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| Other names
Nickel tetracarbonyl
Nickel carbonyl |
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| Identifiers | |||
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3D model (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.033.322 | ||
| EC Number | 236-669-2 | ||
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PubChem CID
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| RTECS number | QR6300000 | ||
| UN number | 1259 | ||
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| Properties | |||
| Ni(CO)4 | |||
| Molar mass | 170.73 g/mol | ||
| Appearance | colorless or very-pale-yellow liquid diamagnetic |
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| Odor | musty, like brick dust | ||
| Density | 1.319 g/cm3 | ||
| Melting point | −17.2 °C (1.0 °F; 256.0 K) | ||
| Boiling point | 43 °C (109 °F; 316 K) | ||
| 0.018 g/100 mL (10 °C) | |||
| Solubility | miscible in most organic solvents soluble in nitric acid, aqua regia |
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| Vapor pressure | 315 mmHg (20 °C) | ||
| Viscosity | 3.05 x 10−4 Pa s | ||
| Structure | |||
| Tetrahedral | |||
| Tetrahedral | |||
| zero | |||
| Thermochemistry | |||
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Std molar
entropy (S |
320 J K−1 mol−1 | ||
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Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH |
−632 kJ/mol | ||
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Std enthalpy of
combustion (ΔcH |
−1180 kJ/mol | ||
| Hazards | |||
| Safety data sheet | ICSC 0064 | ||
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EU classification (DSD) (outdated)
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Flammable (F) Carc. Cat. 3 Repr. Cat. 2 Very Toxic (T+) Dangerous for the environment (N) |
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| R-phrases (outdated) | R61, R11, R26, R40, R50/53 | ||
| S-phrases (outdated) | S53, S45, S60, S61 | ||
| NFPA 704 | |||
| Flash point | 4 °C (39 °F; 277 K) | ||
| 60 °C (140 °F; 333 K) | |||
| Explosive limits | 2–34% | ||
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |||
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LC50 (median concentration)
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266 ppm (cat, 30 min) 35 ppm (rabbit, 30 min) 94 ppm (mouse, 30 min) 10 ppm (mouse, 10 min) |
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LCLo (lowest published)
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360 ppm (dog, 90 min) 30 ppm (human, 30 min) 42 ppm (rabbit, 30 min) 7 ppm (mouse, 30 min) |
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| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |||
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PEL (Permissible)
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TWA 0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m3) | ||
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REL (Recommended)
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TWA 0.001 ppm (0.007 mg/m3) | ||
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IDLH (Immediate danger)
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Ca [2 ppm] | ||
| Related compounds | |||
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Related metal carbonyls
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Iron pentacarbonyl Dicobalt octacarbonyl |
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Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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 (what is   ?) |
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| Infobox references | |||
Nickel carbonyl (IUPAC name: tetracarbonylnickel) is the organonickel compound with the formula Ni(CO)4. This pale-yellow liquid is the principal carbonyl of nickel. It is an intermediate in the Mond process for the purification of nickel and a reagent in organometallic chemistry. Nickel carbonyl is one of the most toxic substances encountered in industrial processes.
In nickel tetracarbonyl, the oxidation state for nickel is assigned as zero. The formula conforms to 18-electron rule. The molecule is tetrahedral, with four carbonyl (carbon monoxide) ligands attached to nickel. The CO ligands, in which the C and the O are connected by triple bonds, are covalently bonded to the nickel atom via the carbon ends. Electron diffraction studies have been performed on this molecule, and the Ni–C and C–O distances have been calculated to be 1.838(2) and 1.141(2) angstroms respectively.
Ni(CO)4 was first synthesised in 1890 by Ludwig Mond by the direct reaction of nickel metal with CO. This pioneering work foreshadowed the existence of many other metal carbonyl compounds, including those of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, and Co. It was also applied industrially to the purification of nickel by the end of the 19th century.
At 323 K (50 °C; 122 °F), carbon monoxide is passed over impure nickel. The optimal rate occurs at 130 °C.
Ni(CO)4 is not readily available commercially. It is conveniently generated in the laboratory by carbonylation of commercially available bis(cyclooctadiene)nickel(0).
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