The Powerwall and Powerpack are rechargeable lithium-ion battery stationary energy storage products manufactured by Tesla, Inc. The Powerwall is intended to be used for home energy storage and stores electricity for solar self-consumption, time of use load shifting, backup power, and off-the-grid use. The larger Powerpack is intended for commercial or electric utility grid use and can be used for peak shaving, load shifting, backup power, demand response, microgrids, renewable power integration, frequency regulation, and voltage control.
Announced in 2015, with a pilot demonstration of 500 units built and installed during 2015, production of the product was initially at the Tesla Fremont factory before being moved to the under construction Gigafactory 1 in Nevada. The second generation of both products were announced in October 2016.
Tesla started development in 2012, installing prototypes at selected industrial customers. In some cases, PowerPacks have saved 20% of the electrical bill. The Powerwall was originally announced at the April 30, 2015 product launch with power output of 2 kW steady and 3.3 kW peak, but Musk said at the June 2015 Tesla shareholders meeting that this would be more than doubled to 5 kW steady with 7 kW peak, with no increase in price. He also announced that Powerwall deliveries would be prioritized to partners who minimize the cost to the end user, with a Powerwall installation price of US$500.
When originally announced in 2015, there were to be two models of Powerwall delivered: 10 kWh capacity for backup applications and 7 kWh capacity for daily cycle applications. But by March 2016, Tesla had "quietly removed all references to its 10-kilowatt-hour residential battery from the Powerwall website, as well as the company's press kit. The company's smaller battery designed for daily cycling is all that remains." The 10 kWh battery as originally announced has a nickel-cobalt-aluminum cathode, like the Tesla Model S, which was projected to be used as a backup/uninterruptible power supply, and had a projected cycle life of 1000–1500 cycles.