Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase
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| Aliases | DNTT, TDT, DNA nucleotidylexotransferase, Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase | ||||||||||||||||
| External IDs | OMIM: 187410 MGI: 98659 HomoloGene: 3014 GeneCards: DNTT | ||||||||||||||||
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| Species | Human | Mouse | |||||||||||||||
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 10: 96.3 – 96.34 Mb | Chr 19: 41.03 – 41.06 Mb | |||||||||||||||
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NP_001036693.1
NP_033371.2
NP_001036693
NP_033371
Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), also known as DNA nucleotidylexotransferase (DNTT) or terminal transferase, is a specialized DNA polymerase expressed in immature, pre-B, pre-T lymphoid cells, and acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma cells. TdT adds N-nucleotides to the V,D, and J exons of the TCR and BCR genes during antibody gene recombination, enabling the phenomenon of junctional diversity. In humans, terminal transferase is encoded by the DNTT gene. As a member of the X family of DNA polymerase enzymes, it works in conjunction with polymerase λ and polymerase μ, both of which belong to the same X family of polymerase enzymes. The diversity introduced by TdT has played an important role in the evolution of the vertebrate immune system, significantly increasing the variety of antigen receptors that a cell is equipped with to fight pathogens. Studies using TdT knockout mice have found drastic reductions (10-fold) in T-Cell receptor (TCR) diversity compared with that of normal, or wild-type, systems. The greater diversity of TCRs that an organism is equipped with leads to greater resistance to infection.
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