Tan Qixiang (25 February 1911 − 28 August 1992) was a historian and is considered a founder of the field of historical geography in Modern China. His magnum opus, the eight-volume Historical Atlas of China, was published between 1982 and 1988.

He was born on 25 February 1911 at a train station in Shenyang, Liaoning. Soon after his birth, he was brought back to his hometown of Jiaxing, Zhejiang. After attending Xiuzhou High School in Jiaxing, he briefly studied sociology at the Shanghai University in 1926 before transferring to Jinan University (then located in Shanghai), where he graduated from the history department in 1930.

In 1930, he entered the graduate school of Yenching University in Peiping (now Beijing), where he studied under the prominent historian Gu Jiegang and graduated in 1932.

From 1932 to 1936, he worked as a lecturer of historical geography and history at several universities in Peiping, including Yenching, Fu Jen Catholic University, Peking University, and Tsinghua University. In the 1930s, Gu and Tan cofounded the Yugong Society (禹贡学会) and the journal Chinese Historical Geography (Chinese name Yugong).

In 1940, Tan joined Zhejiang University and then relocated to inland Guizhou province due to the Japanese invasion of China, as an associate professor. In 1946, after the surrender of Japan, Tan moved to Hangzhou with Zhejiang University, which was moved back to its original campus. From 1947 to 1949, he taught at both Zhejiang University and his alma mater Jinan University in Shanghai. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, Jinan University was closed, and most of its departments were merged into Fudan University. Tan became a history professor at Fudan, where he stayed for the rest of his career. He was the head of the Department of History of Fudan starting in 1957 and became an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1981. From 1982 to 1986, he served as director of the Institute of Historical Geography of China at Fudan University.

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