Taganrog Fortress

Taganrog Fortress' Saint Trinity fortress Таганрогская крепость Троецкая крепость на Таганьем Рогу
Taganrog, Russia
Taganrog's fortress model in Taganrog City Architectural Development Museum
Type	star fort
Site information
Controlled by	Peter the Great, Aleksei Shein, Cornelis Cruys
Condition	ruined
Site history
Built	1696-1709, 1769-1773
Built by	Ernst Friedrich von Borgsdorf, Mikhail Dedenev
In use	1709-1712, 1769-1810
Materials	earthworks

Taganrog Fortress (also The Saint Trinity fortress on Tagan-Rog Cape) was a star fort-style fortress built during the reign of Peter the Great and re-constructed by the order of Catherine the Great.

Peter the Great tried to conquer the Turkish fortress of Azov to get an entrance to the Sea of Azov and the Black Sea. His first Azov campaigns in 1695 failed, but his second attempt the next year led to victory.

To insure Russian positions in the South, and to shelter the Russian Navy, Peter the Great needed a new haven for the Azov Flotilla, and a fortress to protect it. Azov could not serve as naval base because of shallow waters of the river Don. That is why, a few days after Turkish capitulation, on July 27, 1696 the Russian tsar set out for an expedition to explore the coastline of Azov Sea. The expedition stopped at the cape Tagan-Rog on July 27, where Peter the Great spent the night of July 27–28, 1696. The cape was selected as the perfect place for the harbour, since the sea around the cape was deep enough for sea boats; there was enough room for a haven with solid stone soil; and the expedition found a small water spring.

The first Russian Navy base, Taganrog (Taygan for Turkish in Ottoman sources) was officially founded by Peter The Great on September 12, 1698. Vice-Admiral Cornelis Cruys, who is regarded as the architect of the Russian Navy, became the first Head of Taganrog city in 1698-1702 and in 1711, and produced the first maps of Azov Sea and Don River.

The project for planning and building works in the city was established in 1698 by Austrian engineer Baron Ernst Friedrich von Borgsdorf, basing on the instructions provided by Peter The Great. Taganrog is one of the first Russian cities, which was built according to a detailed pre-established plan. It was also the first artificial haven, and the first fortress made of earth as primary material. The construction was generally completed by 1709.