Tafsir al-Kabir (al-Razi)

al-Tafsir al-Kabir ("The Large Commentary"), also known as Mafatih al-Ghayb ("Keys to the Unknown") is a classical Islamic Tafsir book, written by the well-known Persian Islamic theologian and philosopher Muhammad ibn Umar Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (1149-1209). The book is an exegesis and commentary on the Qur'an. Although it was named "Mafatih Al-Ghayb" (Keys to the Unseen), it was nicknamed Tafsir Al-Kabir (The Large Commentary). At 32 Volumes, it is larger than the 28 Volume Tafsir of At-Tabari named Jami' Al-Bayan. It is not unusual for contemporary works to use it as a reference.

One of [his] major concerns was the self-sufficiency of the intellect. [...] [He] believed [that] proofs based on tradition (hadith) could never lead to certainty (yaqin) but only to presumption (zann), a key distinction in Islamic thought. [...] [However] his acknowledgement of the primacy of the Qur'an grew with his years. [...] [Al-Razi's rationalism] undoubtedly holds an important place in the debate in the Islamic tradition on the harmonization of reason and revelation. In his later years, he also showed interest in mysticism, although this never formed a significant part of his thought.

Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani has written in 'Uloomu-l-Qur'an (An Approach to the Qur'anic Sciences):

Just as Tafsir Ibn Kathir is the most concise and matchless exegesis from a narrative point of view so also there is no parallel to Tafsir Kabir in relation to sciences of Reason. Some people have passed a funny remark on this exegesis such as is written in Al-Itqan, "In it, there is everything except exegesis," But, in the opinion of Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani, if this comment applies to any Tafsir, it describes Tafsir al-Tawahir by Tantawi. But the fact is that this remark is cruelly unjust to this 'book because this book has no equal in interpretation of the meanings of the Qur'an. The prominent features of this book are:

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