Surat al-Hujurat
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الحجرات Al-Ḥujurāt The Private Apartments |
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Arabic text · English translation |
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| Classification | Medinan |
| Other names | The Inner Apartments, The Chambers, Apartments |
| Position | Juzʼ 26 |
| No. of Rukus | 2 |
| No. of verses | 18 |
Arabic text · English translation
Sūrat al-Ḥujurāt (Arabic: سورة الحجرات, "The Chambers") is the 49th chapter (sura) of the Qur'an with 18 ayat. The chapter contains etiquette and norms to be observed in the Muslim community, including the proper conduct towards the prophet, an injunction against acting on news without verification, a call for peace and reconciliation, as well injunctions against defamation, suspicion, and backbiting. The chapter also declares a universal brotherhood among Muslims. The thirteenth verse, one of the most famous in the Quran, is understood by Muslim scholars to establish equality with regards to race and origin; only God can determine one's nobility based on his piety.
The chapter is a Medinan sura, revealed in the year 9 AH (630 CE) when the nascent Islamic state under the leadership of the prophet Muhammad had extended to most of Arabia. Muslim historians linked some of the verses (either verses 2–5 or just 4–5) to the conduct of a Banu Tamim delegation to Muhammad in Medina. The chapter reprimands the delegates' behaviour and then lays down protocol when interacting with Muhammad.
According to most scholars of the Islamic tradition, the chapter was revealed in late Medinan period, therefore, it is a Medinan sura. It is most likely revealed in 630 CE (or 9 AH), after the Conquest of Mecca and when the Muslim prophet Muhammad already ruled most of Arabia. A minority opinion, including that of the exegete Mahmud al-Alusi, says that the thirteenth verse was revealed in the Meccan period. The traditional Egyptian chronology puts the chapter as the 106th chapter by the order of revelation (after Al-Mujadila), while the Nöldeke Chronology (by the orientalist Theodor Nöldeke) puts it as the 112nd.
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