Surah Al-Fatihah
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الْفَاتِحَة Al-Fātiḥah The Opening |
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|---|---|
| Classification | Meccan |
| Other names | The Key |
| Position | Juzʼ 1 |
| No. of verses | 7 |
| No. of words | 29 |
| No. of letters | 139 |
Sūrat al-Fātiḥah (Arabic: سُورَةُ الْفَاتِحَة) is the first chapter (surah) of the Quran. Its seven verses (ayat) are a prayer for the guidance, lordship and mercy of God. This chapter has an essential role in Islamic prayer (salāt). The primary literal meaning of the expression "al-Fātiḥah" is "The Opener," which could refer to this Surah being "the opener of the Book" (Fātiḥat al-kitāb), to its being the first Surah recited in full in every prayer cycle (rakʿah), or to the manner in which it serves as an opening for many functions in everyday Islamic life. Some Muslims interpret it as a reference to an implied ability of the Surah to open a person to faith in God.
The name al-Fātiḥah ("the Opener") is due to the subject-matter of the surah. Fātiḥah is that which opens a subject or a book or any other thing. In other words, a sort of preface.
It is also called Umm Al-Kitab ("the Mother of the Book") and Umm Al-Quran ("the Mother of the Quran");Sab'a al Mathani ("Seven repeated [verses]", an appellation taken from verse 15:87 of the Quran);Al-Hamd ("praise"), because a hadith narrates Muhammad as having said: "The prayer [al-Fātiḥah] is divided into two halves between Me and My servants. When the servant says, 'All praise is due to God', the Lord of existence, God says, 'My servant has praised Me'.";Al-Shifa' ("the Cure"), because a hadith narrates Muhammad as having said: "The Opening of the Book is a cure for every poison.";, Al-Ruqyah ("remedy" or "spiritual cure")., and al-Asas, "The Foundation", referring to its serving as a foundation for the entire Quran
According to Abd Allah ibn Abbas and others, al-Fātiḥah is a Meccan sura; while according to others it is a Medinan sura. The former view is more widely accepted, although some believe that it was revealed in both Mekka and Medina. In the Quran, the first revelations to Muhammad were only the first few verses (ayats) of Surahs Alaq, Muzzammil, Al-Muddathir, etc. Most narrators recorded that al-Fātiḥah was the first complete Surah revealed to Muhammad.
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