Supreme Court of Japan
| Supreme Court | |
|---|---|
| 最高裁判所 | |
Supreme Court Building
|
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| Established | 1947 |
| Country | Japan |
| Location | Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo |
| Coordinates | 35°40′49″N 139°44′37″E / 35.68028°N 139.74361°ECoordinates: 35°40′49″N 139°44′37″E / 35.68028°N 139.74361°E |
| Composition method | Appointed by The Emperor on the advice of the Prime Minister. |
| Authorized by | Constitution of Japan |
| Judge term length | Life tenure until the mandatory retirement age of 70. |
| Website | www.courts.go.jp |
| Chief Justice of Japan | |
| Currently | Itsurō Terada |
| Since | April 1, 2014 |
The Supreme Court of Japan (最高裁判所 Saikō-Saibansho; called 最高裁 Saikō-Sai for short), located in Hayabusachō, Chiyoda, Tokyo, is the highest court in Japan. It has ultimate judicial authority to interpret the Japanese constitution and decide questions of national law (including local bylaws). It has the power of judicial review; that is, it can declare Acts of the National Diet, local assemblies, and administrative actions, to be unconstitutional.
The first Western-style supreme court in Japan was the Supreme Court of Judicature (大審院 Dai-shin'in) organized by the Ministry of Justice in 1875. This court was composed of 120 judges in both civil and criminal divisions. Five judges would be empaneled for any given case. The criminal division of the court was the court of first instance for crimes against the Emperor (e.g. lèse majesté) and for high crimes against public order.
The statute creating the Court was abolished in 1947, and the modern Supreme Court was formed that year under the constitution of 1947. The new court was first convened in May 1947 in the former Privy Council quarters of the Tokyo Imperial Palace. It moved to the Tokyo District Court building in September, then assumed the former quarters of the Supreme Court of Judicature in October 1949.
In 1974, the Supreme Court moved to its current five-story building at 4-2 Hayabusa-cho, Chiyoda, Tokyo. The building was designed by architect Shinichi Okada and won the Architecture Institute of Japan Prize for Design.
The Article 81 of the constitution designates it as "the court of last resort with power to determine the constitutionality of any law, order, regulation, or official act." The Supreme Court is also responsible for nominating judges to lower courts, determining judicial procedures, overseeing the judicial system, including the activities of public prosecutors, and disciplining judges and other judicial personnel. It renders decisions from either a grand bench of fifteen justices or a petit bench of five. The grand bench is required for cases involving constitutionality. The court includes 34 research clerks, whose function is similar to that of the clerks of the United States Supreme Court.
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Wikipedia