Sun Chuanfang
| Sun Chuanfang | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
April 17, 1885 Licheng, Shandong, China |
| Died | November 13, 1935 (aged 50) Tianjin, China |
| Nationality | Han Chinese |
| Occupation | Warlord |
Sun Chuanfang (simplified Chinese: 孙传芳; traditional Chinese: 孫傳芳; pinyin: Sūn Chuánfāng; Wade–Giles: Sun Ch'uan-fang) (April 17, 1885 – November 13, 1935) a.k.a. the "Nanking Warlord" or leader of the "League of Five Provinces" was a Zhili clique warlord and protégé of the "Jade Marshal" Wu Peifu (1874–1939).
Sun Chuanfang was born in Licheng, Shandong Province. Educated in Baoding Military Academy in 1904, he was sent to Japan for more education at the Tokyo Shimbu Gakko, a military preparatory school. He continued on in Japan to graduate from the 6th class of the Imperial Japanese Army Academy, and returned to China in 1909. Upon his return he joined the Beiyang Army and later was recruited by Wang Zhanyuan to join the Zhili clique following the Xinhai Revolution, rising quickly through the ranks. Sun became the military governor of Fujian on 20 March 1923. He was based in Hubei Province, and fought in the Zhili–Anhui War of 1920. In 1924, at the beginning of the First Jiangsu-Zhejiang War, Sun commanded the 4th Army in Fujian Province. One of his first acts was to support his ally Qi Xieyuan, moving up from the south in a move that was responsible for the defeat of rival warlord Lu Yongxiang and the capture of Shanghai. He was subsequently rewarded with the military governorship of Zhejiang (20 September 1924 - 19 December 1926). However his Zhili allies in the north were defeated during the Second Zhili–Fengtian War, ending with the Zhili clique losing all of its northern provinces to Zhang Zuolin and Feng Yuxiang's Guominjun. In 1925 the Guominjun launched a joint Anhui-Fengtian expedition under Zhang Zongchang which briefly retook Jiangsu and Shanghai in January. Lacking support from Sun Chuanfang, Qi Xieyuan was forced to resign and fled to Japan, but not before transferring what remained of his demoralised and heavily diminished army to Sun Chuanfang's command.
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