Sumenep
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Sumenep (Kabupaten Sumenep) |
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| Regency | ||
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| Motto: Sumekar "Sumenep Karaton" | ||
 Location in Madura |
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| Coordinates: 7°01′S 113°52′E / 7.017°S 113.867°ECoordinates: 7°01′S 113°52′E / 7.017°S 113.867°E | ||
| Country | Indonesia | |
| Province | East Java | |
| Settled | October 31, 1269 | |
| Government | ||
| • Regent | Drs. KH. A. BUSYRO KARIM, M.Si | |
| • Vice regent | Ir. H. SOENGKONO SIDIK, S.Sos | |
| Area | ||
| • Total | 1,998.5 km2 (771.6 sq mi) | |
| Elevation | 25 m (82 ft) | |
| Population (2014) | ||
| • Total | 1,071,591 | |
| • Density | 540/km2 (1,400/sq mi) | |
| Time zone | WIB (UTC+7) | |
| Area code(s) | +62328 | |
| Website | www.sumenep.go.id | |
Sumenep Regency (Madurese: Songènèb) is a regency of East Java province, Indonesia. It has an area of 1,998.5 km² and a population of 1,042,312 inhabitants according to the 2010 Census (an increase from 985,981 from the previous census in 2000); the latest official estimate (as of January 2014) is 1,071,591. The regency occupies the eastern end of Madura island and also numerous islands to the east, north, and south of Madura. It is bordered by Pamekasan Regency to the west, Madura Strait to the south, and the Java Sea to the north and east. Its administrative capital is Sumenep.
The local Madurese name for the regency, Songènèb, is formed from the Kawi phrases sung, meaning a basin or valley, and ènèb, meaning quiet. Thus, the word translates to "quiet valley". The name has been known since the time of the medieval Hindu-Buddhist kingdom of Singhasari. In particular, it is mentioned in the Pararaton. This document described the exile of Sumenep of Arya Wiraraja, a royal adviser to the last king of Singhasari, Kertanegara. Wiraraja was sent to the eastern Madurese dukedom, and eventually became a prominent figure in the creation of the Majapahit empire.
The text reads: Hanata Wongira, babatangira buyuting Nangka, Aran Banyak Wide, Sinungan Pasenggahan Arya Wiraraja, Arupa tan kandel denira, dinohaksen, kinun adipati ring Sungeneb, anger ing Madura wetan which translates as: It is a servant, a descendant of the chairman of Nangka village, called Banyak Wide, provisionally named Arya Wiraraja, apparently not trusted, was ordered held in Sumenep duchy in the east of Madura.
In the era of Singhasari, the Sumenep area was ruled by Arya Wiraraja, a duke and royal advisor to king Kertanegara and the eventual mastermind of the creation of the Singhasari's successor state, the Majapahit empire. According to Pararaton, a manuscript describing the history of the kings of Singhasari and Majapahit, Arya Wiraraja was expelled to the eastern Madurese dukedom of Sumenep because he fell falling out of favor with Wisnuwardhana, the king immediately preceding Kertanegara, on October 31, 1269 CE.
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