Sultan Abu Bakar of Johor

Abu Bakar
Sultan of Johor
Photographic portrait of Sultan Abu Bakar
1. Temenggong of Johor
Reign	2 February 1862 – 29 June 1868
Predecessor	Tun Temenggong Raja Daing Ibrahim (Temenggong of Johor)
2. Maharaja of Johor
Reign	30 June 1868 – 12 February 1886
Predecessor	Sultan Ali Iskandar Shah (Sultan of Johor)
3. Sultan of Johor
Reign	13 February 1886 – 4 June 1895
Coronation	29 July 1886
Successor	Sultan Ibrahim
Born	(1833-02-03)3 February 1833 Teluk Belanga, Singapore, Straits Settlements
Died	4 June 1895(1895-06-04) (aged 62) South Kensington, London, United Kingdom
Burial	7 September 1895 Makam Mahmoodiah, Johor Bahru, Johor
Spouse	Wan Chik bt Muhammad Tahir Zubaidah bt Abdullah Fatimah bt Abdullah Khadija Khanum
Issue	1. Tunku Ibrahim Iskandar (Tunku Mahkota of Johor) 2. Tunku Mariam 3. Tunku Besar Putri 4. Tunku Azizah 5. Tunku Fatimah
Full name Sultan Abu Bakar Ibni Al-Marhum Tun Temenggong Raja Daing Ibrahim
House	House of Temenggong.
Father	Temenggong Tun Raja Daing Ibrahim
Mother	Cik' Ngah
Religion	Sunni Islam

Sultan Sir Abu Bakar Ibni Al-Marhum Tun Temenggung Raja Daing Ibrahim (3 February 1833 – 4 June 1895) (Jawi:المرحوم سلطان سير ابو بكر ابن المرحوم تماڠڬوڠ دايڠ إبراهيم سري مهاراج جوهر), also known as Albert Baker [1], the Temenggong of Johor. Informally, he was known as “Father of Modern Johor”. He was the 1st Sultan of Modern Johor, the 21st Sultan of Johor and the first Maharaja of Johor from the House of Temenggong. He was also informally known as "The Father of Modern Johor", as many historians accredited Johor's development in the 19th century to Abu Bakar's leadership. He initiated policies and provided aids to ethnic Chinese entrepreneurs to stimulate the development of the state's agricultural economy which was founded by Chinese migrants from Southern China in the 1840s. He also took charge of the development of Johor's infrastructure, administrative system, military and civil service, all of which were modelled closely along Western lines.

Abu Bakar was noted for his diplomatic skills, and both the British and Malay rulers had approached him for advice in making important decisions. He was also an avid traveller, and became the first Malay ruler to travel to Europe during his first visit to England in 1866. In particular, Abu Bakar became a lifetime friend of Queen Victoria in his later years. Abu Bakar's friendship with Queen Victoria played an important role in shaping Johor's relationships with Britain, and was the only state by the end of the 19th century in the Peninsular Malaya to maintain autonomy in its internal affairs as the British Colonial Government pushed for greater control over the Malay states by placing a British Resident in the states. He was also an Anglophile, and many of his personal habits and decisions were aligned to European ideas and tastes.

Abu Bakar became the sovereign ruler of Johor when his father, Temenggong Daing Ibrahim died in 1862. Six years later, Abu Bakar changed his legal state title of "Temenggong" to "Maharaja". In 1885, Abu Bakar sought legal recognition from Britain for another change in his legal state title of "Maharaja" to a regnal title of "Sultan", and was proclaimed the following year. In all, Abu Bakar's reign lasted for thirty-two years until his death in 1895.