Sulima Uprising

The Sulyma uprising (Polish: Powstanie Sulimy, Ukrainian: Повстання Сулими, Povstannia Sulymy) was a Cossack rebellion headed by Ivan Sulyma (Iwan Sulima) against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1635. The rebels succeeded in taking and destroying the newly built Kodak Fortress, but were defeated by Polish forces under Hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski soon afterward. Sulyma was executed in December same year.

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth controlled most of the Cossack territories at the time, and their nobility was trying to turn militant Cossacks into serfs. The Cossacks were also responsible for provoking some conflicts with the Ottoman Empire. To secure the troublesome south-eastern border, the Commonwealth began construction of a new fortress, the Kodak fortress, finished in July 1635.

Soon after the Kodak fortress was finished, after returning from a raid to the Black Sea against the Ottomans, Cossack leader Ivan Sulyma decided to rebel against the Commonwealth. He took opportunity of the fact that Polish commander, hetman Stanisław Koniecpolski, and much of the Army of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was away at the Polish-Swedish negotiations (for the Treaty of Stuhmsdorf). On the night of 3 to 4 August or 11 to 12 August 1635 (sources vary) he took the newly constructed Kodak fortress by surprise and subterfuge, burning it and killing most of its crew of about 200 dragoon mercenaries under colonel Jean Marion. Marion, taken prisoner, was tied to a stake and shot with arrows. Subsequently Sulyma's forces attacked several other Polish outposts in the region, such as at Cherkasy and Korsun.

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