Stuart dynasty
| Stuart Stewart / Stiùbhart |
|
|---|---|
.svg) Last armorial of the Stuart monarch for use in Great Britain, 1707 to 1714 |
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| Country | Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of England, Kingdom of Ireland, Kingdom of France,Kingdom of Great Britain |
| Parent house | Clan Stewart |
| Titles | |
| Founded | 1371 |
| Founder | Robert II of Scotland |
| Final ruler | Anne, Queen of Great Britain |
| Current head | Extinct |
| Dissolution | 1807 |
| Ethnicity | Scottish, English Originally Normanised Breton |
| Cadet branches | |
The House of Stuart, originally Stewart and, in Gaelic, Stiùbhart was a European royal house that originated in Scotland. The dynasty's patrilineal Breton ancestors had held the office of High Steward of Scotland since the 12th century, after arriving by way of Norman England. The royal Stewart line was founded by Robert II, and they were Kings and Queens of Scots from the late 14th century through the union with England in 1707. Mary I, Queen of Scots was brought up in France, where she adopted the French spelling of the name, Stuart. Her son, James VI of Scotland, inherited the thrones of England and Ireland upon the death of Elizabeth I in 1603. Except for the period of the Commonwealth, 1649–1660, the Stuarts were monarchs of England, Scotland and Ireland until 1707; then of Great Britain and Ireland, to the death of Queen Anne in 1714.
In total, nine Stewart/Stuart monarchs ruled Scotland alone from 1371 until 1603. James VI of Scotland then inherited the realms of Elizabeth I of England, becoming James I of England and Ireland in the Union of the Crowns. Following the Glorious Revolution in 1688, two Stuart queens ruled the isles: Mary II and Anne. Both were the Protestant daughters of James VII and II by his first wife. Their father had converted to Catholicism and his new wife gave birth to a son in 1688, who would brought up a Roman Catholic and would precede his half-sisters; so James was deposed by Parliament in 1689, in favour of his daughters. But neither had any children who survived to adulthood, so under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701 and the Act of Security 1704, the crown passed to the House of Hanover on the death of Queen Anne in 1714.
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