Stuart Schreiber
| Stuart L. Schreiber | |
|---|---|
| Born | February 6, 1956 |
| Alma mater | University of Virginia, Harvard University |
| Known for | Organic Synthesis, Chemical Biology, Human Biology, Therapeutics Discovery |
| Awards | Arthur C. Cope Award (2015) Wolf Prize (2016) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Chemical Biology |
| Institutions | Harvard University, Broad Institute |
| Doctoral advisor | Robert Burns Woodward, Yoshito Kishi |
Stuart L. Schreiber (born 6 February 1956) is a scientist at Harvard University and co-Founder of the Broad Institute. He has been a pioneer in chemical biology for over 30 years. His name is closely associated with the increasingly common use of small molecules as probes of biology and medicine. Small molecules are the molecules of life most associated with dynamic information flow; these work in concert with the macromolecules (DNA, RNA, proteins) that are the basis for inherited information flow. During the 1980s, 1990s, and the past 20 years, he provided dramatic advances in biology using this approach, and, in the past ten years, his systematization efforts have made this one of the fastest growing areas of life-science research.
Schreiber obtained a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemistry from the University of Virginia in 1977, after which he entered Harvard University as a graduate student in Chemistry. He joined the research group of Robert B. Woodward and after Woodward's death continued his studies under the supervision of Yoshito Kishi. In 1980, he joined the faculty of Yale University as an assistant professor in Chemistry, and in 1988 he moved to Harvard University as the Morris Loeb Professor.
Schreiber started his research work in organic synthesis, pioneering concepts such as the use of to establish stereochemistry in complex molecules, the fragmentation of hydroperoxides to produce macrolides, ancillary stereocontrol, group selectivity and two-directional synthesis. Notable accomplishments include the total syntheses of complex natural products such as talaromycin B, asteltoxin, avenaciolide, gloeosporone, hikizimicin, mycoticin A, epoxydictymene and the immunosuppressant FK-506.
Following his co-discovery of the FK506-binding protein FKBP12 in 1988, Schreiber reported that the small molecules FK506 and cyclosporin inhibit the activity of the phosphatase calcineurin by forming the ternary complexes FKBP12-FK506-calcineurin and cyclophilin-ciclosporin-calcineurin. This work, together with work by Gerald Crabtree at Stanford University concerning the NFAT proteins, led to the elucidation of the calcium-calcineurin-NFAT signaling pathway. This landmark discovery, an early example of defining an entire cellular signaling pathway from the cell surface to the nucleus, can be appreciated when it is considered that the Ras-Raf-MAPK pathway was not elucidated for another year.
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