Soybean vein necrosis-associated virus
| Soybean vein necrosis virus | |
|---|---|
| Virus classification | |
| Group: | Group V ((−)ssRNA) |
| Family: | Bunyaviridae |
| Genus: | Tospovirus |
| Species: | Soybean vein necrosis virus |
Soybean vein necrosis virus (SVNV, previously: Soybean vein necrosis associated virus SVNaV) is a plant pathogenic virus of soybeans (Glycine max). SVNV is a relatively new virus, which was discovered in Tennessee in 2008 and has recently been found in many US states from the Southeast and East coast to some western states including CA. This pathogen initially causes intraveinal chlorosis (yellowing) in leaves. This chlorosis then spreads throughout the leaf and eventually these chlorotic areas can become necrotic. It is a member of the family Bunyaviridae and genus Tospovirus, which is the only genus within this virus family that infects plants. Like other members of Bunyaviridae, this virus is enveloped and has a negative sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) genome composed of three genomic segments (S, M, and L). It encodes proteins on the M and S segments in an ambisense manner.
The genome of SVNV is a negative sense single stranded RNA virus (Group V) that has three segments (S, M, and L segments). The L segment is 9010 nt and encodes for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The M segment is 4955 nt and to encode for NSm and GN/GC proteins. The S segment is 2603 nt and encodes the N and NSs proteins. This virus codes proteins from the M and S segments in an ambisense manner, meaning that proteins are translated from both positive and negative sense RNA. There is preliminary evidence to suggest low diversity within SVNV. These proteins occur in all members of the Tospovirus genus, and likely serve similar functions within SVNV as they do for the type member of the Tospovirus genus (TSWV). The RdRp aids in replication and transcription of the RNA. The NSm protein is a non-structural protein (not present in mature virion) and is critical to cell-to-cell movement within plant cells (8). The NSs protein is also a non-structural protein and contributes to suppression of RNA silencing during plant infection.Glycoproteins (GN/GC) are necessary for successful thrips transmission. The N protein contributes to viral replication, and coats the genomic RNA within the virion.
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