Soviet Census (1970)

The Soviet Census conducted in January 1970 was the first census held in Soviet Union (USSR) in eleven years (since January 1959).

The Soviet population in 1970 was recorded as being 241,720,134 people, an increase of over 15% from the 208,826,650 people recorded in the Soviet Union in the 1959 Soviet census. There was speculation that ethnic Russians would become a minority in the Soviet Union in 1970, but the 1970 census recorded 53% (a bare majority) of the Soviet population as being ethnic Russians. The Jewish population in the Soviet Union unexpectedly declined (by about 5%; from about 2,279,000 to about 2,167,000) between 1959 and 1970, in part due to strong assimilation (especially in the Russian SSR and in the Ukrainian SSR). The Muslim population in the Central Asian SSRs increased at a faster rate than the ethnic Russian population between 1959 and 1970 due to its higher birth rate. In addition, the number of certain ethnic minorities originally from China (especially the Uighurs) increased in the U.S.S.R. between 1959 and 1970 due to many of them fleeing China during this time period. The ethnic Russian population in the Latvian SSR and in the Estonian SSR rapidly increased between 1959 and 1970 (in total numbers and as a percentage of their populations), while the ethnic Russian population increase in the mostly Roman Catholic Lithuanian SSR during this time period was much smaller.

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