South African Class 8C 4-8-0

CSAR Class 8-L3 4-8-0 South African Classes 8C & 8CW 4-8-0
CSAR Class 8-L3 483, SAR Class 8C 1174, c. 1910
Type and origin ♠ Original locomotive, as built ♥ Superheated, outside admission valves ♣ Superheated, inside admission valves, Class 8CW Power type Steam Designer Cape Government Railways (H.M. Beatty) Builder North British Locomotive Company Serial number 15803-15832 Model CGR 8th Class (4-8-0) Build date 1903 Total produced 30
Specifications Configuration: ​  • Whyte 4-8-0 (Mastodon)  • UIC ♠ 2'Dn2 - ♥♣ 2'Dh2 Driver 2nd coupled axle Gauge 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) Cape gauge Leading dia. 28 1⁄2 in (724 mm) Coupled dia. 48 in (1,219 mm) Tender wheels 33 1⁄2 in (851 mm) as built 34 in (864 mm) retyred Wheelbase 46 ft 10 1⁄2 in (14,288 mm)  • Engine 23 ft 3 in (7,087 mm)  • Leading 6 ft (1,829 mm)  • Coupled 13 ft 6 in (4,115 mm)  • Tender 14 ft 7 in (4,445 mm)  • Tender bogie 4 ft 7 in (1,397 mm) Length: ​  • Over couplers 54 ft 5 in (16,586 mm) Height ♠ 12 ft 10 in (3,912 mm) ♥♣ 12 ft 8 in (3,861 mm) Frame type Bar Axle load ♠ 11 LT 17 cwt (12,040 kg) ♥ 12 LT (12,190 kg) ♣ 12 LT 11 cwt (12,750 kg)  • Leading ♠ 12 LT 5 cwt (12,450 kg) ♥♣ 12 LT 15 cwt (12,950 kg)  • Coupled ♥ 12 LT (12,190 kg)  • 1st coupled ♠ 11 LT 11 cwt (11,740 kg) ♣ 11 LT 18 cwt (12,090 kg)  • 2nd coupled ♠ 11 LT 17 cwt (12,040 kg) ♣ 12 LT 11 cwt (12,750 kg)  • 3rd coupled ♠ 11 LT 11 cwt (11,740 kg) ♣ 11 LT 19 cwt (12,140 kg)  • 4th coupled ♠ 11 LT 13 cwt (11,840 kg) ♣ 11 LT 18 cwt (12,090 kg)  • Tender bogie Bogie 1: 18 LT 4 cwt (18,490 kg) Bogie 2: 19 LT 8 cwt (19,710 kg)  • Tender axle 9 LT 14 cwt (9,856 kg) Adhesive weight ♠ 46 LT 12 cwt (47,350 kg) ♥ 48 LT (48,770 kg) ♣ 48 LT 6 cwt (49,080 kg) Loco weight ♠ 58 LT 17 cwt (59,790 kg) ♥ 60 LT 15 cwt (61,720 kg) ♣ 61 LT 1 cwt (62,030 kg) Tender weight 37 LT 12 cwt (38,200 kg) Total weight ♠ 96 LT 9 cwt (98,000 kg) ♥ 98 LT 7 cwt (99,930 kg) ♣ 98 LT 13 cwt (100,200 kg) Tender type XF (2-axle bogies) XC, XC1, XD, XE, XE1, XF, XF1, XF2, XJ, XM, XM1, XM2, XM3 permitted Fuel type Coal Fuel capacity 6 LT (6.1 t) Water cap 3,000 imp gal (13,600 l) Firebox type Round-top  • Firegrate area ♠♥♣ 21 sq ft (2.0 m2) Boiler: ​  • Pitch ♠ 7 ft (2,134 mm) ♥♣ 7 ft 1 in (2,159 mm)  • Diameter ♠♥♣ 5 ft (1,524 mm)  • Tube plates ♠ 11 ft 1⁄2 in (3,366 mm) ♥♣ 11 ft 3⁄8 in (3,362 mm)  • Small tubes ♠ 205: 2 in (51 mm) ♥♣ 115: 2 in (51 mm)  • Large tubes ♥♣ 18: 5 1⁄2 in (140 mm) Boiler pressure 180 psi (1,241 kPa) Safety valve Ramsbottom Heating surface ♠ 1,314 sq ft (122.1 m2) ♥♣ 1,081 sq ft (100.4 m2)  • Tubes ♠ 1,184 sq ft (110.0 m2) ♥♣ 950 sq ft (88 m2)  • Firebox ♠ 130 sq ft (12 m2) ♥♣ 131 sq ft (12.2 m2) Superheater: ​  • Heating area ♥♣ 214 sq ft (19.9 m2) Cylinders Two Cylinder size ♠ 18 1⁄2 in (470 mm) bore ♥ 19 in (483 mm) bore ♣ 20 in (508 mm) bore ♠♥♣ 24 in (610 mm) stroke Valve gear Stephenson Valve type ♠ Slide ♥♣ Piston Couplers Johnston link-and-pin AAR knuckle (1930s)
Performance figures Tractive effort ♠ 23,100 lbf (103 kN) @ 75% ♥ 24,370 lbf (108.4 kN) @ 75% ♣ 27,000 lbf (120 kN) @ 75%
Career Operators Central South African Railways South African Railways Class CSAR Class 8-L3 SAR Classes 8C & 8CW Number in class 30 Numbers CSAR 471-500, SAR 1162-1191 Delivered 1903 First run 1903 Withdrawn 1972
The leading coupled axle had flangeless wheels

The South African Railways Class 8C 4-8-0 of 1903 was a steam locomotive from the pre-Union era in Transvaal Colony.

In 1903, soon after the establishment of the Central South African Railways, a second batch of thirty Cape 8th Class 4-8-0 Mastodon steam locomotives were ordered and placed in service as the Class 8-L3, immediately following upon a previous order in that same year for a variation on the same locomotive type. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the South African Railways, they were renumbered and designated Class 8C.

Upon the establishment of the Central South African Railways (CSAR) in July 1902, soon after the end of the Second Boer War, Chief Locomotive Superintendent P.A. Hyde became the custodian of a mixed bag of locomotives inherited from the Imperial Military Railways (IMR). Apart from those engines which had been acquired new by the IMR during the war, these included locomotives which originated with the Selati Railway, the Nederlandsche Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorweg-Maatschappij (NZASM), the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway (PPR) and the Oranje-Vrijstaat Gouwerment Spoorwegen (OVGS).

The comparatively small number of serviceable locomotives which were immediately available for service, compounded by the poor condition of many of the original NZASM, PPR, Selati and OVGS locomotives and an expected post-war increase in traffic, led to an order for altogether sixty new steam locomotives. They were built in two versions to the specifications of the 8th Class 4-8-0 Mastodon type which had been designed by H.M. Beatty, the Chief Locomotive Superintendent of the Cape Government Railways (CGR) from 1896 to 1910.

Orders were placed with Neilson, Reid and Company in 1903, but while the locomotives were being built, Neilson, Reid amalgamated with Dübs and Company and Sharp, Stewart and Company to form the North British Locomotive Company (NBL). As a result, the thirty locomotives of the second batch, numbered in the range from 471 to 500, were all delivered as built by NBL at the Hyde Park shops of the former Neilson, Reid.