Soufi

Sufism, or Taṣawwuf (Arabic: الْتَّصَوُّف‎; personal noun: صُوفِيّ‎ ṣūfiyy/ṣūfī, مُتَصَوّف‎ mutaṣawwuf), which is often defined as "Islamic mysticism", "the inward dimension of Islam" or "the phenomenon of mysticism within Islam", is a mystical trend in Islam "characterized ... [by particular] values, ritual practices, doctrines and institutions" which began very early in Islamic history and represented "the main manifestation and the most important and central crystallization of" mystical practice in Islam.

Practitioners of Sufism have been referred to as "Sufis" (Arabic plurals: صُوفِيَّة‎ ṣūfiyyah; صُوفِيُّون‎ ṣūfiyyūn; مُتَصَوُّفََة‎ mutaṣawwufah; مُتَصَوُّفُون‎ mutaṣawwufūn), an Arabic word which is believed by historians to have originally indicated the "woollen clothes (ṣūf) or rough garb" worn by the early Islamic mystics. Historically, they have often belonged to different ṭuruq, or "orders" – congregations formed around a grand master referred to as a mawla who traces a direct chain of teachers back to the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. These orders meet for spiritual sessions (majalis) in meeting places known as zawiyas, khanqahs or tekke. They strive for ihsan (perfection of worship), as detailed in a hadith: "Ihsan is to worship Allah as if you see Him; if you can't see Him, surely He sees you."Rumi stated: "The Sufi is hanging on to Muhammad, like Abu Bakr." Sufis regard Muhammad as al-Insān al-Kāmil, the primary perfect man who exemplifies the morality of God, and regard Muhammad as their leader and prime spiritual guide.

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