Sophus Lie
| Sophus Lie | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Born |
17 December 1842 Nordfjordeid, Norway |
| Died | 18 February 1899 (aged 56) Kristiania, Norway |
| Nationality | Norwegian |
| Fields | Mathematics |
| Institutions | University of Christiania, University of Leipzig |
| Alma mater | University of Christiania |
| Doctoral advisor |
Carl Anton Bjerknes Cato Maximilian Guldberg |
| Doctoral students |
Hans Blichfeldt Lucjan Emil Böttcher Gerhard Kowalewski Kazimierz Żorawski |
| Known for | See full list |
| Notable awards | Lobachevsky Medal (1897) |
Marius Sophus Lie (/liː/ LEE; Norwegian: [liː]; 17 December 1842 – 18 February 1899) was a Norwegian mathematician. He largely created the theory of continuous symmetry and applied it to the study of geometry and differential equations.
His first mathematical work, Repräsentation der Imaginären der Plangeometrie, was published, in 1869, by the Academy of Sciences in Christiania and also by Crelle's Journal. That same year he received a scholarship and traveled to Berlin, where he stayed from September to February 1870. There, he met Felix Klein and they became close friends. When he left Berlin, Lie traveled to Paris, where he was joined by Klein two months later. There, they met Camille Jordan and Gaston Darboux. But on 19 July 1870 the Franco-Prussian War began and Klein (who was Prussian) had to leave France very quickly. Lie left for Fontainebleau where after a while he was arrested under suspicion of being a German spy, an event that made him famous in Norway. He was released from prison after a month, thanks to the intervention of Darboux.
Lie obtained his PhD at the University of Christiania (present day Oslo) in 1871 with a thesis entitled On a class of geometric transformations. It would be described by Darboux as “one of the most handsome discoveries of modern Geometry”. The next year, the Norwegian Parliament established an extraordinary professorship for him. That same year, Lie visited Klein, who was then at Erlangen and working on the Erlangen program.
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