Skat (card game)

Skat

Die Skatpartie by Josef Wagner-Höhenberg
Origin	Germany
Type	Trick-taking
Players	3
Skills required	Hand evaluation, counting, cooperation
Cards	32
Deck	German or French
Play	Clockwise
Card rank (highest to lowest)	(J) A 10 K Q 9 8 7 A K Q J 10 9 8 7 (only for Null-Games)
Playing time	3-5 minutes per hand played
Random chance	Low
Related games
Doppelkopf, Schafkopf, Sheepshead

Skat (German pronun­cia­tion: [ˈskaːt]) is a 3-player trick-taking card game devised in early 19th-century Germany. Along with Doppelkopf it is the most popular card game in Germany and Silesia.

Skat was developed by the members of the Brommesche Tarok-Gesellschaft between 1810 and 1817 in Altenburg, in what is now the State of Thuringia, Germany, based on the three-player game of Tarock, also known as Tarot, and the four-player game of Schafkopf (equivalent to the American game Sheepshead). It has become the most loved and widely played German card game, especially in German-speaking regions. In the earliest known form of the game, the player in the first seat was dealt twelve cards and the other two players ten each. He then made two discards, constituting the Skat, and announced a contract. But the main innovation of this new game was that of the bidding process.

The first book on the rules of Skat was published in 1848 by a secondary school teacher J. F. L. Hempel. Nevertheless, the rules continued to differ from one region to another until the first attempt to set them in order was made by a congress of Skat players on 7 August 1886 in Altenburg. These were the first official rules finally published in a book form in 1888 by Theodor Thomas of Leipzig. The current rules, followed by both the ISPA and the German Skat Federation, date from Jan. 1, 1999.

The word Skat is a Tarok term derived from the Italian word scarto, scartare, which means to discard or reject, and its derivative scatola, a box or a place for safe-keeping. The word scarto is still used in some other Italian card games to this day, and is not to be confused with the American game called scat

Note: Because of the many variations in the rules of Skat, the rules below are necessarily general, although rules not found in official German tournament play are marked as such.