Sir Alfred Deakin
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The Honourable Alfred Deakin |
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| 2nd Prime Minister of Australia Elections: 1903, 1906, 1910 |
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In office 24 September 1903 – 27 April 1904 |
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| Governor-General |
Lord Tennyson Lord Northcote |
| Deputy | William Lyne |
| Monarch | Edward VII |
| Preceded by | Edmund Barton |
| Succeeded by | Chris Watson |
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In office 5 July 1905 – 13 November 1908 |
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| Monarch | Edward VII |
| Governor-General | Lord Northcote The Earl of Dudley |
| Deputy | William Lyne |
| Preceded by | George Reid |
| Succeeded by | Andrew Fisher |
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In office 2 June 1909 – 29 April 1910 |
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| Monarch | Edward VII |
| Governor-General | The Earl of Dudley |
| Deputy | Joseph Cook |
| Preceded by | Andrew Fisher |
| Succeeded by | Andrew Fisher |
| Minister for External Affairs | |
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In office 5 July 1905 – 13 November 1908 |
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| Prime Minister | Alfred Deakin |
| Preceded by | George Reid |
| Succeeded by | Lee Batchelor |
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In office 24 September 1903 – 27 April 1904 |
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| Prime Minister | Alfred Deakin |
| Preceded by | Edmund Barton |
| Succeeded by | Billy Hughes |
| Leader of the Commonwealth Liberal Party | |
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In office 26 May 1909 – 20 January 1913 |
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| Deputy | Joseph Cook |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Cook |
| Leader of the Protectionist Party | |
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In office 24 September 1903 – 26 May 1909 |
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| Deputy |
William Lyne John Forrest |
| Preceded by | Edmund Barton |
| Succeeded by | Position Abolished |
| Attorney-General for Australia | |
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In office 1 January 1901 – 24 September 1903 |
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| Prime Minister | Edmund Barton |
| Preceded by | Position Established |
| Succeeded by | James Drake |
| Leader of the Opposition | |
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In office 1 July 1910 – 20 January 1913 |
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| Prime Minister | Andrew Fisher |
| Preceded by | Andrew Fisher |
| Succeeded by | Joseph Cook |
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In office 26 May 1909 – 2 June 1909 |
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| Prime Minister | Andrew Fisher |
| Preceded by | Joseph Cook |
| Succeeded by | Andrew Fisher |
| Member of the Australian Parliament for Ballaarat | |
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In office 30 March 1901 – 31 May 1913 |
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| Preceded by | Seat created |
| Succeeded by | Charles McGrath |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Alfred Deakin 3 August 1856 Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia |
| Died | 7 October 1919 (aged 63) South Yarra, Victoria, Australia |
| Political party |
Independent (until 1901) Protectionist (1901–1909) Liberal (after 1909) |
| Spouse(s) | Pattie Browne (m. 1882) |
| Relations |
Wilfred Brookes (grandson) Alfred Brookes (grandson) |
| Children | 3, including Ivy Brookes |
| Education | Melbourne Church of England Grammar School |
| Alma mater | University of Melbourne |
| Occupation |
Transportation company director (Cobb & Co) |
| Profession |
Businessman Barrister Politician |
Alfred Deakin (3 August 1856 – 7 October 1919) was an Australian politician who served as the second Prime Minister of Australia, in office for three separate terms – 1903 to 1904, 1905 to 1908, and 1909 to 1910. He had earlier been a leader of the movement for Australian federation.
Deakin was born in Melbourne, and attended the University of Melbourne before training as a barrister. He was elected to the Victorian Legislative Assembly in 1879, aged 22, and became a government minister in 1883. Deakin was a major contributor to the establishment of liberal reforms in the colony, including pro-worker industrial reforms. He also played a major part in developing irrigation in Australia.
Throughout the 1890s Deakin was a participant in conferences of representatives of the Australian colonies that were established to draft a constitution for the proposed federation. He played an important role in ensuring that the draft was liberal and democratic and in achieving compromises to enable its eventual success. Between conferences, he worked to popularise the concept of federation and campaigned for its acceptance in colonial referenda. He then fought hard to ensure acceptance of the proposed constitution by the Government of the United Kingdom.
As Prime Minister, Deakin completed a significant legislative program that makes him, with Labor's Andrew Fisher, the founder of an effective Commonwealth government. He expanded the High Court, provided major funding for the purchase of ships, leading to the establishment of the Royal Australian Navy as a significant force under the Fisher government, and established Australian control of Papua. Confronted by the rising Australian Labor Party in 1909, he merged his Protectionist Party with Joseph Cook's Anti-Socialist Party to create the Commonwealth Liberal Party (known commonly as the Fusion), the main ancestor of the modern Liberal Party of Australia. The Deakin-led Liberal Party government lost to Fisher Labor at the 1910 election, which saw the first time a federal political party had been elected with a majority in either house in Federal Parliament. Deakin resigned from Parliament prior to the 1913 election, with Joseph Cook winning the Liberal Party leadership ballot.
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