Simosthenurus
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Simosthenurus Temporal range: |
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| S. occidentalis skeleton | |
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Infraclass: | Marsupialia |
| Order: | Diprotodontia |
| Family: | Macropodidae |
| Subfamily: | Sthenurinae |
| Genus: |
Simosthenurus Tedford, 1966 |
| Species | |
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S. maddocki |
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S. maddocki
S. occidentalis
S. antiquus
S. baileyi
S. brachyselenis
S. eurykaphus
S. pales
S. tirarensis
S. orientalis
Simosthenurus, also referred to as the short-faced kangaroo, is an extinct genus of megafaunal macropods that existed in Australia, specifically Tasmania, during the . Analysis of Simosthenurus fossils has contributed to the finding that there are three lineages of macropods: Sthenurinae, Macropodinae, and Lagostrophinae. The genus Simosthenurus was among the sthenurines.
The two most documented members of the genus are S. maddocki and S. occidentalis, though other species have also been discovered.
Osteological information (predominantly cave floor surface finds) has yielded that Simosthenurus is part of the same family as that of modern kangaroos. However, modern kangaroos are plantigrade hoppers, using jumping as their means of locomotion, while Simosthenurus was a bipedal unguligrade, walking in a manner similar to that of hominids. Although members of Simosthenurus were no taller than most modern species of kangaroo, their robust bones, broad pelvis, long arms and short necks were unique adaptations to their browsing mode of feeding. They had single-toed hind feet had small hoof-like nails more typical of animals adapted to moving over relatively flat terrain.Simosthenurus is a highly distinct lineage of macropods, with no living descendants. However, it is possible that their closest living cousin is the banded hare-wallaby, which is now restricted to small isolated islands off the coast of Western Australia.
S. occidentalis sequences were obtained from fossils in Tasmanian caves; the fossils yielded radiocarbon dates between 46,000 and 50,000 years ago. The sequences obtained in this study were from fossils much older than any Australian fossils that previously yielded sequences.
S. occidentalis was a leaf-eating marsupial, about the size of a modern grey kangaroo, with adults estimated to be about 118 kg, but also being more robust than the grey kangaroo, which shows in its weight and bipedalism, which is in direct contrast to modern kangaroos, who are plantigrade hoppers. By rearing up on their hind limbs and using their strong, long arms and fingers, they could reach overhead to grasp high leaves and branches and pull them down to their mouth. They then would use their powerful jaws and striated teeth to grind tough leaves.
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