Shambhaji
| Sambhaji Raje Bhosale | |
|---|---|
Sambhaji
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 2nd Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire
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| Reign | January 16, 1681- March 11, 1689 |
| Coronation | July 20, 1680, Panhala or January 16, 1681, Raigad fort |
| Predecessor | Shivaji |
| Successor | Rajaram |
| Born |
May 14, 1657 Purandar Fort, near Pune, India |
| Died | March 11, 1689 (aged 31) Tulapur-Vadhu Dist. Pune, Maharashtra, India |
| Spouse | Yesubai |
| Issue | Bhavani Bai Shahu |
| Father | Shivaji |
| Mother | Sayeebai |
| Religion | Hinduism |
Sambhaji Bhosale (May 14, 1657 – March 11, 1689) was the eldest son of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj, the founder of Maratha Empire and his first wife Maharani Saibai. He was successor of the realm after his father's death. Sambhaji's rule was largely shaped by the ongoing wars between the Maratha kingdom and Mughal Empire as well as other neighbouring powers such as the Siddis, Mysore and the Portuguese in Goa. He ruled for 9 years. Sambhaji was captured, tortured and executed by the Mughals, and succeeded by his brother Rajaram Chhatrapati.
Sambhaji was born at Purandar fort to Saibai, Shivaji's first and favourite wife. His mother died when he was two and he was raised by his paternal grandmother Jijabai. At the age of nine, Sambhaji was sent to live with Raja Jai Singh I of Amber as a political hostage to ensure compliance of the Treaty of Purandar that Shivaji had signed with the Mughals on June 11, 1665. As a result of the treaty, Sambhaji became a Mughal sardar and served the Mughal court of Aurangzeb and the father and son duo fought along the Mughals against Bijapur. He and his father Shivaji presented themselves at Aurangzeb's court at Agra on May 12, 1666. Aurangzeb put both of them under house arrest but they escaped on July 22, 1666.
Sambhaji was married to Jivubai in a marriage of political alliance and per Maratha custom she took the name Yesubai. Jivabai was the daughter of Pilajirao Shirke, who had entered Shivaji's service following the defeat of a powerful Deshmukh who was his previous patron. This marriage thus gave Shivaji access to the Konkan coastal belt.
Sambhaji's behaviour, including alleged irresponsibility and addiction to sensual pleasures led Shivaji to imprison his son at Panhala fort in 1678 to curb his behaviour. Sambhaji escaped from the fort with his wife and defected to the Mughals in December 1678 for a year but then returned home when he learnt of a plan by Dilir Khan, the Mughal viceroy of Deccan to arrest him and send him to Delhi. Upon returning home, Sambhaji was unrepentant and was again confined to Panhala.
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