Sendai Subway 1000 series

Sendai Subway 1000 series
A refurbished Sendai Subway 1000 series train, October 2008
In service	1987-present
Manufacturer	Kawasaki Heavy Industries
Constructed	1985-2007
Refurbishment	2004-2013
Number built	84 vehicles (21 sets)
Formation	4 cars per trainset
Capacity	144 passengers per car (58 seating, 54 post-refurbishment)
Operator(s)	Sendai City Transportation Bureau
Line(s) served	Sendai Subway Namboku Line
Specifications
Car length	21,750 mm (71 ft 4 in) (end cars) 20,000 mm (65 ft 7 in) (intermediate cars)
Width	2,890 mm (9 ft 6 in)
Height	4,040 mm (13 ft 3 in)
Doors	4 pairs per side
Maximum speed	75 km/h (45 mph)
Traction system	Chopper control (originally) VVVF (post-refurbishment)
Acceleration	3.0 km/h/s (3.5 km/h/s post-refurbishment)
Deceleration	3.7 km/h/s (service maximum) 4.5 km/h/s (emergency)
Electric system(s)	1,500 V DC
Current collection method	Overhead catenary
Braking system(s)	Electromagnetic braking
Safety system(s)	ATC/ATO (Fuzzy logic)
Track gauge	1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)

The Sendai Subway 1000 series (仙台市交通局1000系電車^?) is a rapid transit electric multiple unit (EMU) train type operated on the Sendai Subway Namboku Line in Sendai, Japan.

The 1000 series was the world's first train type to use fuzzy logic to control its speed, and this system developed by Hitachi accounts for the relative smoothness of the starts and stops when compared to other trains, and is 10% more energy efficient than human-controlled acceleration. It was the recipient of the 28th Laurel Prize award presented by the Japan Railfan Club.

From 2004 until 2013, the 1000 series trains will undergo mid-life refurbishment to extend their lifespan. As of April 2009, 12 sets have been refurbished, and the refurbished sets are renamed 1000N series.

The refurbished trains include the following features.