Senators for life
A senator for life is a member of the senate or equivalent upper chamber of a legislature who has life tenure. As of 2016[update], five Italian Senators out of 320, three out of the 47 Burundian Senators and all members of the British House of Lords (apart from the 26 Lords Spiritual appointed until retirement at the age of 75) have lifetime tenure (although Lords can choose to resign or retire or can be expelled in cases of misconduct). Several South American countries once granted lifetime membership to former presidents but have since abolished the practice.
In Burundi, former heads of state serve in the Senate for life. At present there are three of these: Sylvestre Ntibantunganya, Pierre Buyoya, and Domitien Ndayizeye.
The 2006 constitution of the Democratic Republic of the Congo grants lifetime membership in the Senate to former Presidents of the Republic. As of 2011, there are no former presidents alive.
The 1964 Congolese constitution also provided for life membership in the Senate for former Presidents.
In Italy, a senatore a vita is a member of the Italian Senate appointed by the President of the Italian Republic "for outstanding patriotic merits in the social, scientific, artistic or literary field". Former Presidents of the Republic are ex officio senators for life.
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