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Selim the Grim

Selim I
سليم اول
Caliph of Islam
Amir al-Mu'minin
Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques
Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Padişah
Yavuz Sultan I. Selim Han.jpg
9th Ottoman Sultan (Emperor)
Reign 24 April 1512 – 22 September 1520
Predecessor Bayezid II
Successor Suleiman the Magnificent
Prince-Governor of Trebizond Sanjak
Reign 1494 - 1511
Born 1470/1
Amasya
Died 21/22 September 1520 (aged 49)
Tekirdağ, Çorlu
Burial Yavuz Selim Mosque, Fatih, Istanbul
Consorts Ayşe Hatun
Hafsa Sultan
Hundi Hatun
Issue Suleiman I
Sehzade Orhan
Sehzade Musa
Sehzade Korkut
Üveys Pasha
Hatice Sultan
Beyhan Sultan
Şah Sultan
Fatma Sultan
Hafsa Sultan
Gevherhan Sultan
Full name
Selim bin Bayezid
Dynasty House of Osman
Father Bayezid II
Mother Gülbahar Hatun
Tughra
Full name
Selim bin Bayezid

Selim I (Ottoman Turkish: سليم اول, Modern Turkish: I. Selim; 1470/1 – September 1520), known as Selim the Grim or Selim the Resolute (Turkish: Yavuz Sultan Selim), was the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1512 to 1520. His reign is notable for the enormous expansion of the Empire, particularly his conquest between 1516 and 1517 of the entire Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt, which included all of the Levant, Hejaz, Tihamah, and Egypt itself. On the eve of his death in 1520, the Ottoman Empire spanned about 576,900 sq mi (1,494,000 km2), having grown by seventy percent during Selim's reign.

Selim's conquest of the Middle Eastern heartlands of the Muslim world, and particularly his assumption of the role of guardian of the pilgrimage routes to Mecca and Medina, established the Ottoman Empire as the most prestigious of all Sunni Muslim states. His conquests dramatically shifted the empire's geographical and cultural center of gravity away from the Balkans and toward the Middle East. By the eighteenth century, Selim's conquest of the Mamluk Sultanate had come to be romanticized as the moment when the Ottomans seized leadership over the rest of the Muslim world, and consequently Selim is popularly remembered as the first legitimate Ottoman Caliph, although stories of an official transfer of the caliphal office from the Abbasids to the Ottomans were a later invention.

Born in Amasya around 1470, Selim was the youngest son of Bayezid II (1481–1512). Selim's mother was Gülbahar Hatun, a Turkish princess from the Dulkadir State centered around Elbistan in Maraş; her father was Alaüddevle Bozkurt Bey, the eleventh ruler of the Dulkadirs. Some academics state that Selim's mother was a lady named Gülbahar Hatun, while chronological analysis suggests that his biological mother's name could also be Ayşe Hatun.


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