Second Manchu expedition to Korea
| Qing invasion of Joseon | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Korean–Jurchen conflicts, Qing conquest of the Ming | |||||||
|
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| Belligerents | |||||||
|
Joseon Ming dynasty |
Qing dynasty | ||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
|
Im Gyeong-eop Shin Gyeong-won Hong Myeong-gu † Kim Jun-yong Min Yeong † Shen Shikui † |
Hong Taiji Dorgon Dodo (prince) Hooge (prince) Kong Youde Geng Zhongming Shang Kexi Tatara Inggūldai |
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| Strength | |||||||
| 80,000~90,000 | 140,000 | ||||||
| Casualties and losses | |||||||
| Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
| Qing invasion of Joseon | |
| Hangul | |
|---|---|
| Hanja | |
| Revised Romanization | Byeongja horan |
| McCune–Reischauer | Pyŏngcha horan |
The Qing invasion of Joseon occurred in the winter of 1636 when the newly established Manchu Qing dynasty invaded Korea's Joseon kingdom, establishing its status as the center of the Imperial Chinese tributary system and formally severing Joseon's relationship with the Ming dynasty. The invasion was preceded by the Later Jin invasion of Joseon in 1627.
The kingdom of Joseon continued to show ambivalence toward the Manchus after the Later Jin invasion of Joseon. Later Jin accused Joseon of harboring fugitives and supplying the Ming army with rations. In addition, Joseon did not recognize Hong Taiji's newly declared Qing dynasty. The Manchu delegates Inggūldai and Mafuta received a cold reception in Hanseong (Seoul, and King Injo of Joseon refused to meet with them or even send a letter, which shocked the delegates. A warlike message to Pyongan-do was also carelessly allowed to be seized by Inggūldai.
The beile (princes) were furious with Joseon's response to Qing overtures and proposed an immediate invasion of Joseon, but the Qing emperor Hong Taiji chose to conduct a raid against Ming first. After the successful operation against Ming, Hong Taiji turned towards Joseon and launched an attack in December 1636.
Prior to the invasion, Hong Taiji sent Abatai, Jirgalang, and Ajige to secure the coastal approaches to Korea, so that Ming could not send reinforcements. The defected Ming mutineer Kong Youde, ennobled as the Qing's Prince Gongshun, joined the attacks on Ganghwa and Ka ("Pidao"). The defectors Geng Zhongming and Shang Kexi also played prominent roles in the Korean invasion.
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Wikipedia