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Second Bremian War

First and Second Swedish War on Bremen
Belagerung Bremens 1666.jpg
Siege of Bremen, 1666
Date 1654, 1666
Location Bremen-Verden, Bremen
Result Treaties of Stade (1654) and Habenhausen (1666)
Belligerents
Flag of Sweden.svg Sweden Flag of Bremen.svg Bremen (1654/66)
D'argent croix de sable.svg Electorate of Cologne (1666)
DEU Fuerstentum Lueneburg COA.svg Brunswick-Lüneburg (Celle) (1666)
Flag of Denmark.svg Denmark (1666)
Wappen Mark Brandenburg.png Electorate of Brandenburg (1666)
Dutch Republic Dutch Republic (1666)
Commanders and leaders
Flag of Sweden.svg Hans Kristofer von Königsmark (1654)
Flag of Sweden.svg Carl Gustaf Wrangel (1666)

The Swedish Wars on Bremen were fought between the Swedish Empire and the Hanseatic town of Bremen in 1654 and 1666. Bremen claimed to be subject to the Holy Roman Emperor, maintaining Imperial immediacy, while Sweden claimed Bremen to be a mediatised part of her dominions of Bremen-Verden, themselves territories immediately beneath the emperor. Sweden was able to gain some territory, but despite forcing a formal oath of allegiance on Bremen, did not gain control of the town.

When in 1648 the Peace of Westphalia ended the Thirty Years' War, the parties agreed that the prince-bishoprics of Bremen and Verden were to become dominions of Sweden. The peace treaty had been prepared at a congress throughout the final years of the war.

During the negotiations, several mostly Hanseatic cities requested that they become Imperial cities, with only Bremen being successful: Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor accepted Bremen as a Free imperial city in 1646. A respective document was signed in Linz on 1 June, with the aim of preventing Sweden from gaining the city. In turn Bremen, among other concessions, paid about 100.000 talers. Owing to Swedish diplomatic efforts however, the text of the 1648 treaty did not determine whether or not Bremen was to be included in the future Swedish dominion.

The Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen, northerly and easterly neighbouring the city's territory, had been occupied by Sweden since 1646/47. Swedish forces had then expelled the forces of Prince-Archbishop Frederick II, Prince of Denmark, officiating from 1637 to 1648. On 18 February 1647, the emperor accepted Sweden's annexation of the prince-archbishopric's territory as a secularized duchy.


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