Scylla serrata
| Scylla serrata | |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Crustacea |
| Class: | Malacostraca |
| Order: | Decapoda |
| Infraorder: | Brachyura |
| Family: | Portunidae |
| Genus: | Scylla |
| Species: | S. serrata |
| Binomial name | |
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Scylla serrata (Forsskål, 1775) |
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Scylla serrata (often called or mangrove crab, although both terms are highly ambiguous, as well as black crab) is an economically important species of crab found in the estuaries and mangroves of Africa, Australia and Asia. In their most common form, the shell colour varies from a deep, mottled green to very dark brown.
The natural range of Scylla serrata is in the Indo-Pacific. It is found from South Africa, around the coast of the Indian Ocean to the Malay Archipelago, as well as from southern Japan to south-eastern Australia, and as far east as Fiji and Samoa. The species has also been introduced to Hawaii and Florida.
A study on tidal flats in Deception Bay in Queensland found juvenile crabs (20–99 mm or 0.8–3.9 in carapace width) were resident in the mangrove zone, remaining there during low tide, while subadults (100–149 mm or 3.9–5.9 in) migrated into the intertidal zone to feed at high tide and retreated to subtidal waters at low tide. Adults (150 mm or 5.9 in and larger) were caught mainly below the low tide mark, with small numbers captured in the intertidal zone at high tide.
These crabs are highly cannibalistic in nature; when crabs undergo moulting, other hard-shelled ones sometimes attack the moulting crabs and devour them. The females can give birth to a million offspring which can grow up to 3.5 kg (7.7 lb) in size and have a shell width of up to 24 cm (9.4 in) wide.
Interest in the aquaculture of this species has been high due to the high demand/price for them, high flesh content, and rapid growth rates in captivity. In addition, they have a high tolerance to both nitrate and ammonia (twice that of the similar sized Portunus pelagicus), which is beneficial because ammonia-N is often the most limiting factor on closed aquaculture systems. Their high ammonia-N tolerance may be attributed to various unique physiological responses which may have arisen due to their habitat preferences. However, their aquaculture has been limited due to the often low and unpredictable larval survival. This may be due to inadequate nutrition, disease, "moult death syndrome" (due to their highly cannibalistic behaviour during the megalopa stage), inadequate protocols (e.g. suboptimal environmental conditions), or a combination of all.
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Wikipedia