Scratch (programming language)
The Scratch Cat, mascot
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| Paradigm | Event-driven, imperative |
|---|---|
| Developer | MIT Media Lab Lifelong Kindergarten Group |
| First appeared | 2002 (test) 2005 (official) 2013 (Scratch 2) |
| Typing discipline | Dynamic |
| Implementation language | Squeak, ActionScript (Scratch 2.0) |
| OS | Windows, OS X, Linux |
| License | GPLv2 and Scratch Source Code License |
| Filename extensions | .scratch (Scratch 0.x) .sb, .sprite (Scratch 1.x) .sb2, .sprite2 (Scratch 2.0+) |
| Website | scratch |
| Major implementations | |
| Scratch | |
| Influenced by | |
| Logo, Smalltalk, HyperCard, StarLogo, AgentSheets, Etoys | |
| Influenced | |
| Scratch Jr, Snap! | |
Scratch is a free visual programming language developed by the MIT Media Lab. Scratch is used by students, scholars, teachers, and parents to easily create animations, games, etc. It provides a stepping stone to the more advanced world of computer programming. It can also be used for a range of educational and entertainment constructionist purposes from math and science projects, including simulations and visualizations of experiments, recording lectures with animated presentations, to social sciences animated stories, and interactive art and music. Viewing the existing projects available on the Scratch website, or modifying and testing any modification without saving it requires no online registration.
Scratch allows users to use event-driven programming with multiple active objects called sprites. Sprites can be drawn, as vector or bitmap graphics, from scratch in a simple editor that is part of Scratch, or can be imported from external sources, including webcams.
As of 2013, Scratch 2 is available online and as an application for Windows, OS X, and Linux (Adobe Air Required). The source code of Scratch 1.x is released under GPLv2 license and Scratch Source Code License.
"Scratching" in the language of computer science means to reuse code that can be beneficial and effectively used for other purposes and easily combined, shared and adapted to new scenarios, which is a key feature in Scratch – "remix", in which users can download and build upon public projects uploaded and developed by other users. It also gives credit to the participant who built on the original work and to the participant who created the original program. The name was derived from turntablism's technique of scratching (i.e., mixing sounds), relating the ease of mixing sounds to the ease of mixing projects made with Scratch.
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