Sangbyeong

Byeong
Hangul	병
Hanja	兵
Revised Romanization	Byeong
McCune–Reischauer	Pyǒng

Byong or byeong (Korean: "병", "兵") is a military term used in the armed forces of South Korea to describe a soldier, airman, sailor, or marine who holds a junior enlisted rank. The North Korean equivalent to the rank is somewhat ambiguous. Enlisted personnel under an NCO would be called as byeong or byeongsa (병사, 兵士) as it is a general term in Korean language for a soldier, but it is not a rank in itself.

The rank of byeong is divided into four classes those being:

The Sino-Korean word component "byeong" means "soldier" literally, used in a wide variety of words related with soldiers, like in busang-byeong (a wounded soldier) (Korean: "부상병", "負傷兵"), but rarely (usually in technical context in armed forces) per se.

Some South Korean byeongjang who work closely with their American military counterparts are frequently addressed as "sergeant" or the equivalent E-5 term in English by the U.S. military. This varies however by unit. In a similar vein, some American E-5s are called hasa by the ROK members, as their status is one of an NCO.

The various ranks of byeong are denoted by stripes worn laterally on a service member's left sleeve. An even lower rank, that of mudeungbyeong (Korean: 무등병, Hanja: 無等兵, lit. "soldier with no rank"), also known as hullyeonbyeong (Korean: 훈련병, Hanja: 訓鍊兵, lit. "trainee soldier"), is usually believed to be held by enlisted recruits in basic training, and those recruits are not allowed to have any insignia on their uniform until they finish the training course, but they are actually regarded to be ideungbyeong (the lowest byeong rank) officially.

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